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Germany
Alemannia; Allemannia; deudeschen; deutsch; deutsche; Deutschem; Deutschen; Deutschlanden; Deutschlandt; Deutschlant; deutzsch; Duche; Ducheman; Duchemen; Duchman; Dudesch; dudesche; Dudeschelannth; Dudeschen; Dudescher; dudesck; dudescken; Dudeskenn; dudesker; dudessche; Dudesschelandt; dudesschen; dudesscher; Dudesshen; Dudeszchen; dudeszke; dudeszken; Dudsche; Dudsken; Dudszker; Dudtske; Duetschen; Duiitscher; Duitzschen; dusschen; Dutch; Dutche; Dutcheman; Dutchemen; Dutches; Dutchman; Dutchmen; Dutchmenis; Dutchmens; Dutsche; Dutschen; Dutscher; Dutske; Dutsken; Dutzsch; Dutzschen; Dutzscken; Duutscher; Duytscher; Dydesche; engelschen; Esterlinck; Esterlinge; Ge(r)manie; German; Germanica; germanicas; Germanicis; Germanicorum; Germanis; Germanos; Germans; Germany; Hamburg; Oesterschen; Oisterlinge; Oisterlingen; Oosterlinge; Oosterlingen; Oostersche; Osterschen; Teutonica; Teutsche; Teutschen; Teutschenn; Teutscher; Theutonice; Thyske; Tydske; Tydskene; Tydskenes; Tydskernes; Tydsklandt; Tyske; Tyskis; Tysland; Welschlandt; þidzku; þydsker; þyska; þysker; þyskier; þyskra; þysku; þyskum; þysska; Þýzka
Region/Country: Region/Land: Germany, Holy Roman Empire
Germany is chosen as a pragmatic term here, as the country known as Germany today did not exist in the 15th and 16th century. Instead there was a plethora of larger and smaller royalties, only formally ruled by a king or the (Holy Roman) emperor. However, documents often refers to German merchants or Germany as a geographical region. In this context, usually the Low German Sprachraum, roughly modern-day Northern Germany, is meant here.
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Transcript available
1416, May 24 - August 3
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, in which the eldermen of the Bergen Kontor complain about German sailing to Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroes, after which the gathered envoys decide that this journey is forbidden.
Transcript available
[1416, July 10]
[Lübeck]
The envoys of the gathered hanseatic cities in Lübeck to the Bergen Kontor: announce the prohibition to sail to sail to and settle in Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroes, or other Norwegian lands other than Bergen, Oslo, or Tønsberg.
Transcript available
[1416, August 15]
[Lübeck]
The envoys of the gathered Hanseatic cities in Lübeck to Reval (Tallinn): report about the settlement of disputes in Lübeck and about the prohibition to sail to Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroes, or other Norwegian lands other than Bergen, Oslo, and Tønsberg.
Transcript available
1416, August 15
[Lübeck]
The representatives of the Hanseatic cities gathered in Lübeck declare that the Bergen Kontor has complained about merchants who trade with forbidden regions, and forbid Hanseatic merchants to visit Shetland, Orkney and the Faroes or elsewhere in Norway, with the exception of Bergen, Oslo and Tønsberg.
Transcript available
1425, May 7
Akershus
King Erik of Norway and Denmark forbids all trade of Germans and other foreigners with Northern Norway, Iceland and the other tributary lands, which they have recently started, and orders his lawmen and officials to act against violations of this rule.
Transcript available
1431, June 30
Þingvellir
The Icelandic governor, lawmen and lawrightmen acknowledge King Erik of Pomerania as king of Iceland, and decide among others that foreign merchants are only allowed to trade with special permission of the king, and are not allowed to stay in winter.
Transcript available
1470, December 30
Braunschweig
Braunschweig to Bremen: regarding the conflict between Frederik Ledinghusen from Braunschweig and skipper Martene Steen from Bremen, in which the latter claimed the full freight money from Leddinghusen for transporting commodities to Iceland, even though he shipwrecked in Shetland, the Hanseatic Diet has decided in 1447 that in such cases, only part of the freight money is due, and therefore it is asked to see that the matter is settled.
Transcript available
1473, September 1
Utrecht
Complaints of Holland against the Wendish cities during negotiations in Utrecht, among others that two years earlier merchants from Amsterdam sailed to Hafnarfjörður in Iceland, where they encountered English merchants who had confiscated a German ship and captured the crew, whereupon the Germans were freed and taken back to Amsterdam, but nevertheless Peter Peterszon, one of the Amsterdam merchants, was later captured in Hamburg and condemned to pay compensation to the city.
Transcript available
1476, June 15
Lübeck
Representatives of the Hanseatic cities gathered in Lübeck to King Edward IV of England: complain that merchants from Bristol stole a ship and fishes with a total worth of 2000 pound sterling from Lübeck merchants in Iceland in the previous year, and demand compensation.
Transcript available
[1477], February 14
Westminster
King Edward IV of England to Richard, Duke of Gloucester: states how merchants from Lübeck and Hamburg have complained that a Hamburg ship which was on its way from Iceland to London stranded near Hartlepool in Yorkshire, where it was robbed by English knights, and demands prosecution of the latter and compensation for the involved merchants.
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© DSM B.Holterman J.Nicholls (2018)