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1587, December
Bremen
Johan Hudeman and Evert Schroder to Bremen: state that they have sailed to the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland for a long time, and acquired a license in 1586. On the way back, their ship has been attacked by English pirates, who left them naked on Shetland, and also robbed them of their license. Therefore, they request intercession in acquiring a new one from the Danish king.
Transcript available
1588, January 18
[Bremen]
Instruction for Bremen counsellor Heinrich Bredelo and secretary Heinrich Houck, who were sent to the Danish king to discuss the problem of Bremen merchants losing their licenses for harbours in Iceland to Hamburg and Oldenburg merchants. Therefore, it is asked to secure the four remaining harbours Ostforde, Bodenstede, Flattoh and Watlose for Bremen merchants, and to request new licenses for Stickingsholm and Elleroh to compensate for the lost harbours.
1590, January 2
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish Council of the Realm: request for a prolongation of the license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Lindeman, who has sailed to the harbour for 25 years, but now the license has been mistakingly given to Bremen merchant Marten Losekanne, who has always traded in Bredeforde in the same district.
1591, December 5
Bremen
Marten Losekanne and Johan Oldenbuttel to prince-archbishop John Adolf of Bremen: complain that they have used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for over 80 years, and now Daniel Elers from Hamburg has received a license for the harbour Bernforde, which is in fact the same harbour, and ask for mediation at the Danish court.
Transcript available
1602-1604
[Shetland]
The Court Book of Shetland 1602-1604, containing records of law courts held at parish and country levels. Among others it concerns financial transactions of many German merchants in harbours around the country, cases of conflict between merchants and violence at trading sites.
Transcript available
1604, December 1
Restalrig
John Arnot to Patrick, earl of Orkney: reports that the German merchants in Shetland have brought in little money this year, and will try to sell the butter and oil to John Dick’s wife if he cannot make a deal with the Germans, and other things concerning tax payments.
Transcript available
1608, October 15
[Shetland]
Chamberlain accounts for the country of Shetland for the years 1605-1607 by Alexander Bruce, including the butter and oil collected as scat and rents from the inhabitants of the land, which was sold to German merchants.
Transcript available
1610, September 28
Bremen
Bremen to duke John Adolf of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp: eight citizens have informed that two of their ships, one returning from Hamburg, the other from Shetland, have wrecked during a storm in the Elbe near Hadeln, whereby the goods on board were salvaged by inhabitants of Dithmarschen and Eiderstedt, and now ask for support in retrieving their goods from them.
Transcript available
[1639]
Memorandum by tacksman Andro Smyth concerning expenses and debts for the levying of taxes and customs in Shetland for the years 1638 and 1639.
Transcript available
Bremen
1640, March 18
Letter from Cordt Warneken to Mr William Stirling, Edinburgh, intimating that he has received 500 thalers worth of butter from George Sinclair of Rapnes in Orkney, and paid the money to Joshua Averie on 29 November 1639 at Hamburg; writer asks that the money may be paid to William Stirling; if the money has reached Scotland recipient was to pay it to William Dick or Peter Smith, brother of Andro Smith.
Transcript available
1640, June 29
Scalloway
James Omand to Laurence Sinclair of Brugh: reports about his negotiations with German merchants in Unst and Whalsay concerning the export of butter, and the attacks of privateers from Dunkirk on four Dutch ships in Bressay Sound.
Transcript available
1640, July 2
Scalloway
Andro Smyth to his brother Patrick Smyth of Braco: reports about the wrecks of three Dutch ships in Dunrossness, the debts of German merchants for the export of butter, problems with the collection, storage and transportation of wadmal, and various other tax-related issues.
Transcript available
1640, July 21
Scalloway
Andro Smyth to his brother Patrick Smyth of Braco: sends a receipt for a sum of 550 dollars which was paid by Yan Sour to Joshua Averie in Hamburg, and reports that Court Warnekin has also paid his debt of 500 dollars to the same, but forgot to bring the receipt. The Dutch have started salvaging the anchors of their ships that were attacked by Dunkirkers, and further complains about the troublesome levying of taxes and rents in Shetland.
Transcript available
1640, August 13
Scalloway
Andro Smyth to his brother Patrick Smyth of Braco: sends six Shetland ponies with a boat to Orkney, and reports about his problems with payments of the German merchants and the renovation of Scalloway castle.
Transcript available
1640, September 22
Scalloway
Andro Smyth to his brother Patrick Smyth of Braco: reports about the export of tax butter and oil from Shetland to Scotland and the collection of customs from German merchants.
Transcript available
1640, December 23
Edinburgh
Obligation by Patrick Smyth of Braco to William Dick of Braid, anent a debt of 500 rix dollar owed by Court Warnekin from Bremen for a load of butter, who paid the sum to Joshua Averie in Hamburg, who was supposed to pay it via William Stirling to William Dick or Peter Smyth, but the money never arrived.
Transcript available
1644, February - 1645, July
Hamburg
Register of ships, skippers, freighters and cargoes sailing between Hamburg and Shetland that paid the admiralty toll in the harbour of Hamburg.
Transcript available
1649, May 12
Bremen
The imperial lower court in Bremen to Robert Douglas, earl of Morton: request to hear the Shetland priest Johan Edmesthun about his transactions with Bremen merchants Cordt Warneken and Jasper Stüving in Shetland, and provide testimony thereof to act as evidence in the court case between the two merchants.
Transcript available
1659, October 6
Bremen
Herman Hausman and Henrich Eiling, councillors in Bremen, confirm that they have heard the testimonies of Herman Brunings, Gerdt and Segebad Detken, Herman Segelcken and Cort Lubbers, crew members on the ship of Herman Detken, about how they had to throw cargo overboard to save their ship in a storm on the return journey from Shetland. Also contains the testimony of Herman Detken himself.
Transcript available
1685, September 10
Edinburgh
Inventory of the bonds of German merchants in Shetland for butter and oil duties for the year 1684, written by taxman Charles Murray.
Transcript available
1686, October 6
Edinburgh
Inventory of the bonds of German merchants in Shetland for butter and oil duties for the year 1685, written by taxman Charles Murray.
Transcript available
1704, February 29
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass for the ship St. Joris of 30 to 40 lasts, on behalf of skipper and owner Hermann Bardewisch, for a journey from Lehe to Shetland with beer, tobacco, linen, salt and fishing gear, and back to Stade with butter, fish oil and other merchandise from Shetland, on his own account.
Transcript available
1704, March 1
Stade
The Swedish governor-general in Stade confirms that skipper Herman Bardewisch has requested a sea pass for his ship St. Joris of 30 to 40 lasts, from Lehe to Shetland, with a cargo of beer, tobacco, linnen, salt and fishing equipment, and back to Stade with butter, fish, fish oil and other commodities, and grants his approval.
Transcript available
[1704, April]
[Stade]
Friederich Bossauw to the Swedish general-governor in Stade: request for a renewal of the lost sea pass for his ship Jungfer Anna of 30 to 34 lasts, for a journey from the Schwinge to a harbour in Shetland with skipper Claus Majer, with a slightly different cargo list from the original pass.
1704, April 3
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass for the hucker Hoffnung of 24 lasts, on behalf of skipper and owner Hinrich Gossman, for a journey from the Geeste near Carlsburg to Shetland with tobacco, corn brandy, salt, barrel hoops, rye meal, fishing gear such as hooks and lines, and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter and other merchandise; to be back in Bremen on 23 September 1704.
Transcript available
1704, April 9
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Friedrich Bossauw, for the ship Jungfer Anna of 30 to 34 lasts, with skipper Claus Meyer, for a journey from the Schwinge to Lerwick or Hillswick or another harbour in Shetland with a cargo of among others salt, beer, and tobacco, and back again with herring, clip- and stockfish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
Transcript available
1704, May 8
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass for the ship Fortuna of 24 lasts, on behalf of skipper Marten Schnelle and owner Nicolaus Saucke, for a journey from the Schwinge to a harbour in Shetland with salt, beer, peas, rye meal, corn brandy, mead, biscuits and other bread, barrel hoops, tobacco, soap, fishing gear, some tar, hemp, boat nails and some stoneware, and back with salted fish, herring, butter, and other commodities such as calf furs and skins, on account of Nicolaus Saucke, who sails along.
Transcript available
1704, May 9
Stade
Draft for a sea pass for the ship Fortuna of 24 lasts, on behalf of skipper Marten Schnelle and owner Nicolaus Saucke, for a journey from the Schwinge to a harbour in Shetland, and back with salted fish, herring, butter, and other commodities such as calf furs and skins, on account of Nicolaus Saucke, who sails along.
1704, May 21
Stade
Draft for a sea pass for the ship St. Johannes of 25 lasts, on behalf of owner Daniel Thomsen, for a journey from the Schwinge to a harbour in Shetland under command of skipper Caspar Detloff, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil, herring, skins and other commodities.
1704, July 14
Paris
Extract from the general admiralty register in France, concerning a sea pass issued by Swedish general-governor Nicolaus Gyldenstern to Stade citizens Friderich Bossauw, skipper Nicolas Meyer and Johan Otto Bossauw for the ship Jungfrau Anna of 30 to 40 lasts, for a journey from the Schwinge to Lerwick, Hillswick or another harbour in Shetland, and back with herring, salted and other fish, butter and knitwares, issued in Stade on April 12, 1704.
1705, March 30
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomsen for his ship St. Johannes of 25 lasts, under command of skipper Peter Andressen, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, corn brandy, ryemeal and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter and other merchandise.
1705, March 30
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomsen for his ship Weisse Perle of 27 lasts, under command of skipper Casper Detloff, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, corn brandy, ryemeal and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter and other merchandise.
1705, March 31
Stade
Nicolaus Gyldenstern, Swedish governor-general in Stade, issues a sea pass to Daniel Thomsen, for his ship Weisse Perle of 27 lasts, under command of skipper Casper Detloff, for a journey from the Schwinge to a port in Shetland with salt, beer, corn brandy, ryemeal and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter and other merchandise.
[1705, April]
[Stade]
Hinrich Goossman to the Swedish general-governor: request for a sea pass for his ship (hucker) Hoffnung of 24 lasts, for a journey to Shetland with tobacco, corn brandy, salt, ryemeal, fishing equipment and other things, and back with salted fish, butter and other commodities.
1705, April 18
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Hinrich Goossmann, for his ship or hucker Hoffnung of 24 lasts, for a journey from Lehe to Shetland with salt, linen, tobacco, brandy and fishing equipment, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil, hides and other commodities.
[1705, June]
[Stade]
Friedrich Bossaw to the Swedish general-governor in Stade: request for a sea pass for his ship Stadt Stade of 35 lasts, under command of skipper Crispin Bornmann, for a journey from the Schwinge to Lerwick or another harbour in Shetland with ballast, coarse salt in barrels, beer, brandy, flour, fishing lines, linen, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil, herring, stockfish and other commodities.
1705, June 29
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Friedrich Bossaw, for his ship Stadt Stade of 35 lasts, under command of skipper Crispin Bornmann, for a journey from the Schwinge to Lerwick or another harbour in Shetland with ballast, coarse salt in barrels, beer, brandy, meal, fishing lines, linen, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil, herring, stockfish and other merchandise.
1705, July 3
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Friedrich Bossaw, for his ship Stadt Stade of 35 lasts, under command of skipper Crispin Bornmann, for a journey to Shetland and back with butter, fish oil, stockfish and other merchandise.
1706, March 9
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Hinrich Gooßmann and Helmcke Hackmann, skippers of the hucker Hoffnung of 24 lasts, for a journey from Lehe to Shetland with salt, barrel hoops, linen, corn brandy, tobacco, wine, beer, mumme, fishing equipment and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil, herring, calf skins and other commodities.
1706, March 23
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomssen for his ship Weisse Perle of 25 lasts, under command of skipper Claus Fischer, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1706, March 23
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomssen for his ship St. Johannes of 25 lasts, under command of skipper Peter Andressen, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1706, March 23
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Jochim Saucke for his ship or galiot Weisse Engel of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Johann Wrede, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil, herring and other commodities.
1706, March 26
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomson, for his ship Weisse Perle of 25 lasts, under command of skipper Nicolaus Fischer, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1706, March 26
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomson, for his ship St. Johannes of 25 lasts, under command of skipper Peter Andressen, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1706, March 26
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Joachim Saucke, for his ship Weisse Engel of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Johan Wrede, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil, herring and other commodities.
1706, April 10
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Friedrich Bossow, for his ship Weisse Schwan of 45 to 50 lasts, under command of skipper Hans Heldt, for a journey to Hillswick and other places in Shetland with coarse salt, beer, brandy, tobacco, fishing lines, hooks, linen and other commodities, and back with salted fish, herring, fish oil, butter, stockfish and other commodities.
1706, April 13
Stade
Draft for two sea passes on behalf of Friedrich Bossow, for his ship Weisse Schwan of 45 to 50 lasts, under command of skipper Hans Heldt, and for his ship St. Catharina of 18 to 20 lasts, under command of skipper Lorentz Kruse, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco, fishing lines, hooks, linen and other commodities, and back with salted fish, herring, fish oil, butter, stockfish and other commodities.
1707, March 11
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Johann Otto Bossaw for his ship St. Catharina of 18 to 20 lasts, under command of skipper Lorenz Kruse, for a journey from the Schwinge to Lerwick, Whalsay, “Sickeroo” or another harbour in Shetland with beer, brandy, tobacco and flour, and back with salted fish, fish oil, butter, hides (‘Jufften’), tallow and other commodities.
1707, March 15
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Johann Otto Bossow, for his ship St. Catharina of 18 to 20 lasts, under command of skipper Lorenz Kruse, for a journey from the Schwinge to Lerwick, Whalsay, “Sickeroo” or another harbour in Shetland with beer, brandy, tobacco and flour, and back with salted fish, fish oil, butter, hides (“Jufften”), tallow and other commodities.
1707, March 29
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Helmeke Hackmann and Hinrich Gossmann for their ship Hoffnung of 24 lasts, for a journey from Lehe to Shetland with salt, barrel hoops, linen, corn brandy, tobacco, beer, mumme, fishing equipment and other commodities, and back with salted fish, fish oil, butter, herring, calf skins and other commodities.
1707, April 1
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Hinrich Gosman and Helmeke Hackman for their ship Hoffnung of 24 lasts, for a journey from Lehe to Shetland with salt, barrel hoops, linen, corn brandy, tobacco, beer, mumme, fishing equipment and other commodities, and back with salted fish, fish oil, butter, herring, calf skins and other commodities.
1707, April 6
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Johann Otto Bossaw for his ship Der weisse Schwan of 48 lasts, under command of skipper Hans Heldt, for a journey from the Schwinge to Hillswick in Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, mead, meal, fishing lines, hooks, tobacco, stoneware and other commodities, and back with salted fish, herring, fish oil, butter, tallow and other commodities.
1707, April 13
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Johann Otto Bossow, for his ship Der weisse Schwan of 48 lasts, under command of skipper Hans Heldt, for a journey from the Schwinge to Hillswick in Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, mead, meal, fishing lines, hooks, tobacco, stoneware and other commodities, and back with salted fish, herring, fish oil, butter, tallow and other commodities.
1707, May 5
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Jochim Sauke for his ship Weisser Engel of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Johann Wrede, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1707, May 5
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomsen for his ship Die weisse Perle of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Claus Fischer, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1707, May 10
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Jochim Sauke, for his ship Weisser Engel of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Johann Wrede, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, tobacco and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1707, June 4
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomsen for his ship St. Johannes of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Jochim Meincke, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, tobacco, brandy and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1707, June 6
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomsen, for his ship St. Johannes of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Jochim Meincke, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, tobacco, brandy and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1707, June 29
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Friderich Bossau and his son Johann Otto Bossau for their ship Jungfer Anna of 30 lasts, under command of skipper Jürgen Jürgens, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with ballast, salt, beer, victuals and other commodities, and back with herring, salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1707, July 5
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Johann Otto Bossau, for his ship Jungfer Anna of 30 or 35 lasts, under command of skipper Jürgen Jürgens, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with ballast, salt, beer, victuals and other commodities, and back with herring, salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1708, March 20
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Jochim Saucke, for his ship Der Weisse Engel of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Johann Wrede, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, and other commodities, and back with salted fish, herring, butter, and other commodities.
1708, March 21
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Joachim Sauke, for his ship Der Weisse Engel of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Johann Wrede, for a journey from the Schwinge to Shetland with salt, beer, brandy and other commodities, and back with salted fish, herring, butter and other commodities.
1708, March 23
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomsen, for his ship St. Johannes of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Hinrich Kampmann, for a journey to Shetland with salt, beer, tobacco, brandy and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1708, March 26
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Daniel Thomsen, for his ship St. Johannes of 24 lasts, under command of skipper Hinrich Kampmann, for a journey to Shetland with salt, beer, tobacco, brandy and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities.
1708, May 8
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Harmen and Rudolph Bardewisch, for their ship Hoffnung of 45 lasts, under command of skipper Johann Eidtemann, for a journey to Shetland with salt, beer, tobacco, fishing equipment and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities. Rudolph Bardewisch sails along.
1708, May 9
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Harmen and Rudolph Bardewisch, for their ship Hoffnung of 45 lasts, under command of skipper Johann Eidtemann, for a journey from Lehe to Shetland with salt, beer, tobacco, fishing equipment and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter, fish oil and other commodities. Rudolph Bardewisch sails along.
1708, June 6
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass on behalf of Johann Otto Bossaw, for his ship St. Niclaus of 35 lasts, under command of skipper Hinrich Pasche, for a journey from the Schwinge to Hillswick in Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, empty herring barrels, tobacco, victuals and other commodities, and back with salted fish, herring, fish oil, butter and other commodities. The pass is produced upon request of the owner’s father Friedrich Bossaw.
1708, June 9
Stade
Draft for a sea pass on behalf of Johann Otto Bossaw, for his ship St. Nicolaus of 35 lasts, under command of skipper Hinrich Pasche, for a journey from the Schwinge to Hillswick in Shetland with salt, beer, brandy, empty herring barrels, tobacco, victuals and other commodities, and back with salted fish, herring, fish oil, butter and other commodities. The pass is produced upon request of the owner’s father Friedrich Bossaw.
Transcript available
1708, October 26
Lerwick
Representation of the justices of peace in Shetland to the customs commissioners at Edinburgh: complain how the absence of foreign traders, namely the Dutch since 1703 because of the war with France, and Bremen and Hamburg merchants because of the high duties since the Acts of Union, is damaging the country, and ask for the Bremen and Hamburg trade to be stimulated until British merchants have established themselves in Shetland.
Transcript available
1709, February 14, and 1708, May 17
Contract between captain Robert Jollie, trustee of Samuel Shepard, John Eringtoun and Hendre Neall, merchants in London, on the one part, and James Mitchell of Girlesta and William Henderson of Gardie, on the other part, whereby Jollie undertakes to fish on their behalf in Shetland.
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