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Displaying records 211 tobis 270 ofvon 270 Einträgen gezeigt 
Transcript available
1523, February 22
Copenhagen
King Christian II of Denmark to Iceland: proclaims that no foreigners - German or English - are allowed to trade in Iceland before they have paid an annual toll of 20 guilders.
Transcript available
1535, February 27
[Hamburg]
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: repeat the complaints about the behaviour of the English against them in Iceland on various occasions, but accept the outcome of the negotiations in Segeberg, although they were not sufficiently compensated.
Transcript available
1536, May 25
[Hamburg]
Hamburg to Jón Arason, bishop of Hólar: the merchants who come to Eyjafjörður to fetch sulfur each year complained about hindrance by merchants from Holland, who bought all sulfur, and it is asked to prevent this in the future.
Transcript available
1537, December 27
Haderslev
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: announces that he has appointed Claus von der Marwitz as governor of Iceland, and asks the Hamburg merchants to support him when needed, to transport his goods and behave cooperatively towards him.
Transcript available
1540, January 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian III of Denmark: send the testimony of merchants with Iceland about the violence in the previous year on request of governour Claus van der Marwitz.
Transcript available
1541, April 7
Hamburg
Hamburg to bishop Gissur Einarsson of Skálholt: six years before, Heyne Sander lent 15 daler to the previous bishop Ögmunder Pálsson, to be repaid in 30 wete fish. The abbot of Helgafell has paid 20 wete fish, but the remaining 10 wete debt still remains, in spite of frequent reminders. Therefore, it is requested to pay this debt to Peter Betken.
Transcript available
1542, March 14
[Hamburg]
Hamburg to bishop Gissur Einarsson of Skálholt: the former bishop of Skálholt Ögmunder Pálsson still owes Hinrick Mertens 20 mark and 10 schilling for the interior of an organ for the church of Skálholt. Because Ögmunder died, Gissur is asked to repay the debt.
Transcript available
1545, ca. March 20
Kolding
List of complaints of Otto Stigsson, governour of Iceland, against Hamburg merchants, among others that they behave violently, appropriate what isn't theirs, withhold payments to the governour, and use their own weights.
1549, March 24
Kolding
[King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg]: Writes that the Hamburg merchants are free to trade in Iceland by his permission only, and that he will continue to permit this, as long as they respect the rules and do not stay in Iceland in winter.
1551, [March]
[Hamburg]
"Relation" of the negotiations in March in Flensburg, about the hindrance of Copenhagen merchants by those from Hamburg, the captivity of the governor of Iceland and the illegal winter stay of foreign merchants on the island. Hamburg states that its old rights in Iceland have been unfairly violated by the Danish newcomers.
Transcript available
1556, March 13
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: complain about the rising prices at home in the last years, although the prices in Iceland have remained the same, and therefore ask for the governour in Iceland to set a weight for fish, so that they will have a more honest value.
1556, March 14
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian III of Denmark: request on behalf of the merchants trading in Iceland to introduce a weight when calculating the prizes to be paid for goods.
Transcript available
[1557, March]
[Lübeck]
Lübeck merchants in northern Iceland to Lübeck: complain about how they wanted to sail a ship to Iceland to fetch sulfur and hired a Hamburg crew to sail it, which was forbidden by the city of Hamburg.
1561
Lübeck
Lübeck merchants with Iceland to Lübeck: complain about the prohibition to trade sulfur from the North of Iceland, which is damaging them and the locals, and was not foreseen, as the Diet in Odense had just confirmed the Hanseatic privileges. Moreover, they could not reach the harbours the year before due to drift ice, so they still have outstanding debts.
1561, February 28
Lübeck
Lübeck to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint against the prohibition to trade sulfur from the North of Iceland, which damages the Hanseatic merchants and cities.
Transcript available
1561, March 6
Hamburg
Instruction for Hamburg burgomasters and councillors Albert Hackeman, Laurentz Niebuer, Wilhelm Moller and Nicolaus Vogler, who are sent to Denmark to prevent the prohibition of the sulfur trade from northern Iceland for Hamburg merchants, in which the services of Hamburg for the Icelanders and the Danish crown are emphasized.
1562, October 17
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: report that skipper Hans Schomaker arrived in Hamburg from Iceland with a ship of 40 to 50 last loaded with sulfur, on behalf of Stefan Loitz. As sulfur is only allowed to be brought to Copenhagen, Schomaker claimed that weather conditions prevented him from sailing there.
Transcript available
1563, February 5
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: asks to refrain from trading in the harbours Stappe, Reff, and Grundeforde in the West of Iceland, because Danish merchants are trading there now.
1563, March
Hamburg
Hamburg representative Johan Niebur to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about prohibition for Hamburg merchants to use the harbours Stappe, Reff, and Grundeforde in the west of Iceland.
1563, March 4
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: ask permission to use the harbours in the Northwest of Iceland, which the king had forbidden, to reclaim their outstanding debts.
1563, before March 18
Hamburg
Crew of skipper Hans Schomaker to king Frederick II of Denmark: relate how they have loaded a load of sulfur in the North of Iceland last year with permission of the governour and on order of Stefan Loitz, and ask the king to allow this.
1563, April 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: to further their request for permission to sail to the North of Iceland to reclaim outstanding debts in sulfur, Herman Soltow is sent to the king with a list of the debts.
1563, November
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Reff to Hamburg: request for continued permission to use the harbour Reff in Iceland, which they have used for a long time, but which the king had forbidden earlier that year.
Transcript available
1564, February 26
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complain about interference of Hamburg merchants in the harbour Kummerwage, which Bremen has used for up to 70 years, in the previous year, and state that they have lost all their harbours to Hamburg except Bodenstede.
Transcript available
1564, March 6
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: in response to complaints of Bremen merchants about interference in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, it is asked not to sail there anymore this sommer. Also complains about deceptive behaviour of Hamburg ships in the Sound.
Transcript available
1564, March 6
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: in response to complaints about hindrance by Hamburg merchants in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, he has written to the governor in Iceland, and to Hamburg that they should abstain from sailing there this year.
Transcript available
1564, August 28
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Bodenstede in Iceland to Bremen: complain about interference of Jurgen Borchers from Hamburg in the harbour Bodenstede this year, and request the Danish king to forbid this.
1564, September 2
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about interference of Hamburg merchant Jurgen Borchers in the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, which is in use by Bremen merchants.
Transcript available
1564, September 13
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to [Joachim] Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: has granted Bremen merchants, who had complained about hindrance by Hamburg merchants in the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, the use of the said harbour, and almost completely forbade Hamburg merchants to sail to Iceland.
Transcript available
1564, December 21
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: in response to a complaint about Hamburg merchants having sailed to the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, the merchants answer that in none of the king's letters the harbour was explicitly forbidden.
Transcript available
1565, January 9
Hamburg
Instruction for Wilhelm Moller and Heinrich von Kruge, who are sent to Denmark to discuss the prohibition to sail to Iceland for Hamburg merchants, in which they state that their merchants have done nothing wrong, and still have many outstanding debts on the island.
1565, January 25
Copenhagen
Summary of Hamburg arguments during the negotiations between the representative of Hamburg and the Danish council of the Realm and governour, concerning the Icelandic trade of Hamburg after the Danish king had forbidden it, as well as two ships that ran aground in Borsfleth.
1565, March 3
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request to keep sailing to Iceland, among others because of the many outstanding debts.
Transcript available
1565, April 5
Lund
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: permits the sailing of Hamburg merchants to Iceland the coming summer, to reclaim their outstanding debts, but not to start new commercial activities.
Transcript available
1565, September 6
Bremen
Ludolf van Varendorp, dean of the cathedral chapter in Bremen, Georg van Helle, Hilmar van Monnickhusen and Adrian van Steinberg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for licenses for the harbours of Grindewick and Kibbelwick in Iceland on behalf of Herman Schomaker and Herman Knechting, who had sailed there for a long time, but lost their ship during a siege of Bremen, and therefore their trade was taken over by Hamburg merchants.
1565, October 9
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Bodenstede to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for mediation in acquiring a new license to use the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland.
1565, December 12
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to king Frederick II of Denmark: request to keep sailing to Iceland, as they could not collect their outstanding debts last summer because they were not allowed to bring any merchandise to Iceland, and so the Icelanders sold their fish to others.
1566, February 9
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: request to keep sailing to Iceland, or at least one time more to reclaim their still outstanding debts, which they could not collect last year as they were not allowed to bring any other goods, so the Icelanders sold their fish to others.
1566, February 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request on behalf of the merchants trading in Iceland to keep trading there.
Transcript available
1566, March 3
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Jochim Wichman from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Haneforde in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will not trade with sulfur, trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1566, March 29
Bremen
Herman Schomaker and Herman Krechting to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: request for mediation with the king for a license to use the harbours Kibbelwick and Grindewick in Iceland.
Transcript available
1566, April 18
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: reply to the request for licenses for the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede in Iceland, that they have been given to Danish citizens. Furthermore about Peter Bolck and Swedish privateers on the North Sea.
Transcript available
1566, May 24
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: in response to accusations of hosting Swedish privateers in Bremen waters, they answer they have not heard of such thing, and remind the king that they have been driven from most of their harbours in Iceland by Hamburg merchants during the last years, and therefore need protection in the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede.
Transcript available
1566, June 25
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Jochim Thim from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1567, January 29
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Christoffer Vogler, scribe of Segeberg castle, to trade with the harbour Dyreforde in Iseforde in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will not trade sulfur and fish oil, trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1567, February 1
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: Heinrich Mumme from Copenhagen, who has a license for the harbour Ostforde, complained about interference from Christoffer Meyer from Bremen, and the king asks to refrain from this illegal trade.
1567, February 28
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: answer to the complaint of Heinrich Mumme, in which they state that their subjects have sailed to Ostforde in Iceland for 70 years, still have many outstanding debts, and ask for continued permission to sail there.
Transcript available
1567, March 3
Lübeck
Friderich Knefell, Herman Oldenspell and Wilhelm Medinck to Lübeck: state that they have been forbidden by Hamburg to sail to Iceland, but that they have no right to do this, as they act on behalf of late burgomaster Bartholomeus Tinappel, who had a rightful license for Iceland.
Transcript available
1567, March 4
Lübeck
Lübeck to Hamburg: there is no reason for the prohibition for Friderich Knevel to sail to Iceland, and therefore it is asked to not hinder him in sailing to Iceland.
Transcript available
1567, March 10
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: writes that Herman von Oldensehe has complained about interference of Bernd Losekanne, Christoffer Meyer and Johan Vasmer in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, for which Oldensehe has been licensed, and forbids them using the said harbour.
Transcript available
1567, March 14
Lübeck
Lübeck to Hamburg: repeated request to grant free passage to their citizens who had been forbidden by the Hamburg council to sail to Iceland.
1567, April 4
Lübeck
Margaretha, widow of Bartholomeus Tinappel to Lübeck: request for continued use of a harbour in Iceland for which her deceased husband had a license, and who has served the city of Lubeck and the king of Denmark greatly.
1567, April 6
Lübeck
Lübeck to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for continued use of a harbour in Iceland on behalf of the widow of burgomaster and admiral Barthomoleus Tinappel.
Transcript available
1567, August 4
Johan Brokes to Danish governour Peder Oxen: request for a license for the harbours Adnerforde, Tolkeforde and Patrisforde in Iceland, which are currently not in use, on behalf of Bartholomeus Tinappel's widow.
Transcript available
1567, August 21
Skriðuklaustur
Eirikur Arnason confesses that he has set the trade (kaupsetning) in Ostforde with Bernd Losekanne, skipper and merchant, and Reineken Strotman, merchant, and their folk, who had a license from Peter Withfeld, and that the merchants in the Wapenforde have behaved themselves badly.
Transcript available
1567, September 22
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Iceland to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for mediation in acquiring a license to use the harbours Bodenstede and Kummerwage in Iceland.
Transcript available
1567, September 26
Bremen
Instruction for Tyleman Zerneman, who is sent by the Bremen city council to the king of Denmark to ask for reduction of the tolls to be paid for harbours in Iceland because of the bad fish catches of the last year, and licenses for the harbours Bodenstede, Stappe, Kummerwage, and Ostforde, and for reduction of the Sound toll on behalf of the city's Bergen merchants.
Transcript available
[1567, before November 19]
[Speyer]
Complaints (Gravamina) of Thomas Gerdes, burgomaster of Rostock, Heinrich Dosse, councillor, Christoph Butzau, Michael Boldewan, Brandt Schmidt and Klaus Lepeler, citizens of Rostock, partners of the deceased skipper Lorenz Winckelman, against Thomas Daye, merchant from England, in an appeal before the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht) about a load of fish, which the appellants were supposed to deliver from Shetland to Thomas Daye in London, but instead sold in Hamburg as they could not get to England because of the alleged incompetence of the pilot.
1568, February 21
Lübeck
Widow and heirs of Bartholomeus Tinappel to Lübeck: explain how the ship of Tinappel's widow had been in Iceland very late in autumn, and could therefore not sell all commodities on board, which were left on the island. Therefore, she sent a ship to Dureforde last sommer to get these commodities and reclaim outstanding debts, and thus Christof Vögler, the Danish merchant who has the harbour now, has no right to complain as it did not harm him.
Transcript available
1568, March 4
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: forbids Bernd Losekanne to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, after Heinrich Mumme, who holds the license for the said harbour, has complained about Losekanne's interference there.
Transcript available
[1568, before March 4]
[Copenhagen]
Heinrich Mumme to king Frederick II of Denmark: complains about Bernd Losekanne from Bremen, who has hindered him once again in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, even though the king has forbidden him to do so the year before.
1568, March 6
Lübeck
Lübeck to king Frederick II of Denmark: declare that Bartholomeus Tinappel's widow had only sailed a ship to Iceland to reclaim her outstanding debts.
Transcript available
1569, April 2
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark declares that he has permitted Bernd Losekanne from Bremen to sail to Ostforde or Pappie in Iceland, to which Heinrich Mumme has sailed before, under the condition that Mumme can still use the harbour in 1570.
Transcript available
1570, September 23
Bremen
Christoffer Bornhorst, Vasmer Bake, Johan Hudeman, Johan Lubbe and Christoffer Meier, merchants who trade with Bodenstede in Iceland to [Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter]: ask for help in preventing Hamburg merchant Hans Gronewold from interfering in the harbour Stappe, which belongs to Bodenstede.
Transcript available
1570, October 21
Bremen
Johan Munsterman and Clawes Wittesant, merchants in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: relate how others are applying for licenses for Kummerwage at the Danish king, and ask Hinck for his mediation in continuing to sail there.
Transcript available
1571, January 23
Bremen
Christoffer Bornhorst, Vasmer Bake, Johan Hudeman, Johan Lubbe and Christoffer Meier (merchants with Bodenstede in Iceland) to Bremen: complaint about interference of Hamburg merchant Hans Gronewoldt, who is licensed with the harbour Reff, in the harbour Stappe, which belongs to Bodenstede, for the last three years.
Transcript available
1572, April 16
[Bremen]
Contract between Luder Wedeman, Johan Reineken, Luder Meyer, Hinrick Pundt, Marten Losekanne and Hinrick Osnabrugge, and skipper Bernd Losekanne, in which they form a trading company together to sail to Iceland, but promise to behave as ordinary sailors under Losekanne's command during the journey. Nine other persons are also part of the company but stay at home.
1573, April 19
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: although it has been forbidden for Hamburg merchants to use three harbours in the north of Iceland, which are used by Copenhagen burgomaster Marcus Hess, count Adolf of Schleswig-Holstein is now preparing a ship to sail there, under command of Hamburg skipper Herman von Horsten.
Transcript available
1573, April 20
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint of the merchants with Iceland, that they have been forbidden to use three harbours in the North of Iceland, Oyefordt, Husewick and Schagefordt, which are now used by Copenhagen burgomaster Marcus Hess, and that now count Adolf of Schleswig-Holstein is preparing a ship to sail there, under command of Hamburg skipper Herman von Horsten.
1573, June 25
Gottorp
Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp to king Frederick II of Denmark: has ordered a ship to sail to Iceland and return to Kiel, and asks to grant the skipper free passage in the Øresund.
1575, February 23
Gottorp
Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp to king Frederick II of Denmark: has prepared a ship to sail to Iceland to collect fish and sulfur, and requests passes for free passage in the North and South of Iceland, and in the Øresund.
Transcript available
1575, April 7
[Bremen]
Schaffenradt, secretary in Bremen, declares that he has gone to Bernd Losekanne's house, where he has seen that his license to trade in Iceland has been torn to pieces and the royal seal has been removed. Losekanne declared that the license was issued in his name only, but Christoffer Meyer and others with whom he had a trading company, claimed that it was also valid for them.
Transcript available
1575, August 6
Skriðuklaustur
Eirikur Arnason states, that he has bought a barrel of iron (osemund) from Bernd Losekanne in Dupwage in Iceland, and left it there to collect it later, and that a piece of wadmal, which he left at the trading site, was not intended for Losekanne but for a Hamburg merchant named Matthias.
Transcript available
1576, February 6
[Bremen]
Bernd Losekanne to [Bremen]: defense against accusations of Christoffer Meyer and his partners, that he has interfered with their business in Iceland, even though the Bremen city council forbade this a year earlier. Losekanne states that this is not the case, as Iceland is free to trade in for anyone, Icelanders are free to trade with many merchants, and he has only traded with people who were still indebted to him.
Transcript available
1576, February 13
[Bremen]
Christoffer Meyer to [Bremen]: answer and final plea to the defense of Bernd Losekanne, in which he states that Losekanne did indeed interfere with their business in Iceland, and lies by stating otherwise. Moreover, he tried to destroy evidence by tearing up the license for the harbour, traded with Icelanders which were indebted to Meyer, and told them that Meyer was attacked by English pirates and would not come to Iceland.
1576, February 21
Stade
Stade to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for his help in acquiring a royal Danish license to sail to Iceland this year, on behalf of some of their citizens.
Transcript available
1576, October 28
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request to renew the license to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland. The license was formerly given to Bernd Losekanne, and should now be transferred to Christoffer Meyer.
Transcript available
[1576, ca. October 28]
[Bremen]
Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: request for mediation with the Danish king to transfer and extend the license to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, which was previously given to Bernd Losekanne, to Christoffer Meyer.
Transcript available
1577, March 19
Hamburg
Jurgen Timme to Bremen: complaint against the skipper Rolof Gerdes, who was supposed to sail from Hamburg to Iceland with commodities from Holstein and Denmark. Gerdes later changed his mind, although Timme had already bought many commodities, and now asks for compensation.
1577, May 3
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark declares, that he has renewed the license for the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, which was given to Bernd Losekanne before but who has misbehaved, on behalf of Bremen merchant Christoffer Meyer.
Transcript available
1577, June 3
[Hamburg]
Merchants sailing to Iceland to Hamburg: complain about the quarrel between the Danish king and Hamburg, which has led to a prohibition to sail to Iceland, where they still have many outstanding debts, and now their fellow merchants are moving to other cities and sailing from there, much to their own and the city's damage. Therefore, it is asked that the council will do its best to restore the former situation.
1577, August 5
Buxtehude
Buxtehude to the Danish council of the Realm: asks with the help of Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter, that if any harbours will become available in Iceland in the future, if they can be used by Buxtehude citizens.
1577, September 28
Gottorp
Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp to king Frederick II of Denmark: states how he had sailed to Iceland the year before, but was forbidden to do so this year, and therefore almost ran out of stockfish. As merchants from Bremen and Stade have gotten licenses, he requests one for a harbour in Southern Iceland as well.
Transcript available
1578, January 20
Stade
Stade merchants with Iceland to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: relate how they requested a license for the harbours Iseforde and Patersforde in Iceland, but the latter was confused with Alteforde. When they arrived in Iceland with two ships, they were not allowed in the Patersforde. Therefore, intercession with the king is asked to correct this.
Transcript available
1578, March 11
Bremen
The judges of the imperial lower court of Bremen declare, that Erikur Arnason from Iceland has appeared before them and complained about a number of stockfish he sold to Heine Ratkens, of which 500 were sold in Bremen, and the rest Ratkens left in Iceland.
Transcript available
1579, February 9
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II: request for permission for Johan Munsterman's widow to use the harbours Kummerwage and Neswage in Iceland, which her deceased husband had used before, but had shipwrecked twice.
Transcript available
1579, April 7
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: complaint on behalf of Christoffer Meyger, who has used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for many years, that merchants from Hamburg have also used the harbour in the previous two years, hindering Meyer's business. Therefore, it is asked to stop this.
Transcript available
1580, January 23
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: complaint against Simon Schmidt and Matthias Eggers, who have interfered for three years in the business of Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, although both men have used that harbour for a long time.
Transcript available
1580, January 25
[Hamburg]
Matthias Eggers to Hamburg: states that he and his predecessors have rightfully used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for more than forty years, and that the Bremen merchants Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer therefore have no right to claim the use of the harbour for themselves.
Transcript available
1580, February 15
[Bremen]
Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: in answer to the statement of Matthias Eggers from Hamburg that he and his predecessors have used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for many years, they claim that he is lying, and that they have the full right to use the harbour, as they have done for about eighty years before.
Transcript available
1580, February 18
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: in response to the defense of Matthias Eggers concerning his illegal use of the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, the Bremen merchants (Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer) have and have had a license for Ostforde for many years, and Eggers has a license for another harbour, called Wapenforde, and therefore has no right to use the Ostforde.
Transcript available
1580, February 27
[Hamburg]
Matthias Eggers to Hamburg: in answer to the complaint from Bremen that Matthias Eggers has no right to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, Eggers states that he does have permission to sail to Iceland, and is therefore also free to use this specific harbour. As the authority over Iceland belongs to the Danish king and not to Bremen, they should go to the governour in Iceland if they don't agree with this.
Transcript available
1580, February 29
Hamburg
Hamburg to Bremen: in reaction to the complaints of Bernd Losekanne and his companions, Matthias Eggers and his companions does have the official permission of the Danish king to sail to Iceland, and that the merchants from Bremen should go to the royal authorities in Iceland if they don't agree with that.
Transcript available
1580, March 8
Bremen
Berndt Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: answer to the letter from Matthias Eggers, who claimed that the Hamburg merchants held a license to trade in Iceland. The Bremen merchants claim that it is unnecessary to plea this case at the royal Danish governour in Iceland, and that the Hamburg merchants did not get their license from the king, but from an Icelander named Erikur Arnason.
Transcript available
1580, March 10
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: reaction to the statement of Matthias Eggers, who claimed to have a special license for Iceland, and therefore his presence in the harbour Ostforde, to the detriment of Bremen merchants there, who have a license for the harbour, in which the long tradition of Bremen merchants in Ostforde is emphasised, and it is requested to respect their exclusive use of the mentioned harbour.
Transcript available
1580, April 6
[Oldenburg?]
Joachim Kolling to count John VII of Oldenburg: states that he has prepared a ship to sail to Kummerwage in Iceland, freighted it for the value of 1500 daler, and hired a crew and a skipper from Bremen, Roleff Gerdes, who also owns part of the ship. However, the Bremen city council forbade the latter to sail with him. Kolling argues that Bremen had no right to do this, and requests free passage and freedom of operation.
Transcript available
1580, April 14
Bremen
Bremen to Count John VII of Oldenburg: relate how the deceased Johan Munsterman, who has used the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland for many years, has suffered great damage, and if the king had known this at the time, he would never have issued a new license to Joachim Kolling, who is now complaining about hindrance of Bremen in his plans to sail there. Therefore, it is asked that the use of the harbour is left to Munsterman's widow and companions, who are in great distress.
Transcript available
1580, August 13
[Bremen]
Bremen to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: request for mediation with the Danish king to acquire licenses for Reff and Neswage in Iceland, on behalf of Johan Werenberg and Evert Hoveman, as the Bremen merchants have lost almost all their harbours to Hamburg, and have suffered greatly from wars in the last years.
Transcript available
1580, September 1
[Bremen]
Notary Conradus Mimehsen states, that Joachim Kolling has told that he has taken a letter by Heine Ratken from the house of his brother-in-law Roleff Gerdes and took it to the governour in Iceland.
Transcript available
1580, December 1
Bremen
Johan Munsterman's widow and companions to Bremen: complain about how after the death of Johan Munsterman, Joachim Kolling from Jever has taken over the trade with the harbour Kummerwage, and asks that the king will forbid him this.
Transcript available
1581, March 16
Bremen
Bremen to Johan Bockholt, governour in Iceland: a letter from Heine Ratken to his wife, in which he slandered about Bockholt, was given to Roleff Gerdes to deliver, who withheld it. As the letter has come to Bockholt's attention, he should be aware of the fact that it was destined for Ratken's wife only, and therefore, it is asked that he allows Ratken to move and trade freely like before.
Transcript available
1581, October 14
Clawes Stein to archbishop Henry III of Bremen: request for intercession with the Danish king in acquiring a license for thirty years for the harbour Schagevorde in the North, or Bereforde in the East of Iceland, which are currently not in use.
Transcript available
[1582/1583]
[Bremen]
Note of Carsten Bake concerning the harbour Flatto which he has visited and seeks to acquire a license for.
1582, February 26
Fürstenau
Prince- archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: requests to prohibit Hamburg merchants to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, which they do in spite of the license that Bremen merchants Christoffer Meyer, Johan Wiggers, and Bernd Losekanne have for the place.
Transcript available
1582, March 6
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to [governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland]: because Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne, who have a license to use the harbour Ostforde, have complained about interference of Hamburg merchants in their business, it is asked to prevent this.
Transcript available
1582, March 24
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: request to stop interference by Hamburg merchants in the business of Bremen merchants Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne in the harbour Ost- and Horneforde, as the king of Denmark has already written him.
Transcript available
1582, November 7
[Bremen]
Berndt Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: complain about hindrance of Hamburg merchants in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, even though the Danish king had forbidden this, and asks for a new letter to governour Johan Bockholt to prevent this.
Transcript available
1583, January 31
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: after the king had asked Bockholt last year to prevent Hamburg merchants from hindering Bremen merchants Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne in the harbours Ost- and Horneforde, they have done so nevertheless and even increased their activities there. Therefore, it is asked again to prevent this.
Transcript available
1583, February 28
[Bremen]
[Bremen] to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: write how they are surprised that he asked the Hamburg and Bremen merchants who have a conflict about the harbour Ostforde to come to Althing this year to solve the matter, and ask again to forbid the Hamburg merchants to sail there, otherwise they will complain to the king of Denmark.
Transcript available
1583, March 23
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: explain that Joachim Kolling has borrowed money from Luder Ottersen from Lübeck, and appointed Kolling's brother in law Roleff Gerdes as warrantor in 1579. Now Kolling has not paid, Gerdes claims that he is not liable because two new warrantors from Hamburg were appointed in 1581. Bockholt is asked to confirm this story.
Transcript available
1583, April 17
Copenhagen
Johan Bockholt to Bremen: confirms the story that merchants Hans Vos and Joachim Meinsen from Hamburg were appointed in Iceland as warrantors for Joachim Kolling because of a debt he had from Luder Ottersen, and that therefore Rolof Gerdes, who was appointed as warrantor before, is not liable in this case.
Transcript available
158[3], April 23
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: in response to the information that Hamburg merchants claim to have a license for the harbour Ostforde as well, it is asked to see that Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne's right to use the harbour is safeguarded, and that they will not have a reason to complain to the king.
Transcript available
1583, June 12
Bremervörde
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for a license to use the harbour Reff in Iceland to supply his court with stockfish, or another harbour if that one has already been given to someone else.
1583, September 6
Bremervörde
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: reminds him that he promised to see if the harbour Reff in Iceland was available, and if not if the king can grant permission to use Neswage in the meantime, until Reff becomes available.
Transcript available
1583, September 27
Bremen
Johan Koster and Evert Hoveman to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: complain that merchants from Bremen were driven from Kummerwage by Oldenburg merchants after the shipwreck of Johan Munsterman and by Hamburg merchants from other harbours. Last year the Bremen skipper Dirick Vasmer, who was on his way to Neswage, suffered damage to his ship and had to return to Bremen, and therefore it is feared that other merchants will use this opportunity to take over this harbour as well. Therefore, the bishop is asked to mediate at the Danish court to secure Neswage for Bremen.
Transcript available
1584
Copenhagen
Overview of the harbours in Iceland in use in the years 1584-1592.
Transcript available
1584, February 13
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: has received the request of the Hamburg merchants with Iceland, and has sent it on to royal councillor Christoff Walckendorff.
Transcript available
1584, April 22
Bremervörde
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: after the previous request to use the harbour Reff in Iceland was rejected by the king because there were no available harbours in Iceland, the archbishop has received news that the harbour is not currently in use and asks permission again to use the mentioned harbour for ten years.
Transcript available
1584, May 3
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: in answer to the request of Heinrich to use the harbour Reff in Iceland, the king reports that it is in use by someone else, but that he will issue a license for the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde.
Transcript available
1584, May 3
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits archbishop Heinrich III of Bremen to trade in the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde in Iceland until further notice, in order to import dried fish, on the condition that his merchants will trade high-quality commodities and do not deceive customers with false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1584, August 10
Bremervörde
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen declares that he has received permission to use the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde in Iceland from the Danish king, and has ordered Bremen skipper Bruning Nagel to sail there for him, and requests all persons to grant him free passage.
1585 ca.
Flensburg
Claus Jacobsen to the Danish Council of the Realm: request for a license to use the harbour Langenes in Iceland.
Transcript available
1585, February 3
[Bremen]
Verdict of Bremen city council in the conflict between Christoffer Meyer, Johan Koster and Bruning Nagel about the use of the harbour Neswage in Iceland, in which it is ordained that Nagel, Meyer and Koster will sail there together, whereby Nagel will have a sixth part of the ship, and that they will use the said harbour together with Grundeforde. Next year, they will have to form a company (maschup) together and use a bigger ship.
1585, February 13
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to the Danish king: Joachim Kolling, who had the license for the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, has proved to be unreliable. Therefore, the count requests a renewal for the harbour on his own name, including the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde, as well as a prohibition for the Bremen skipper Bruning Nagel, who sailed for the archbishop of Bremen to both harbours.
1585, March 18
Kronborg
King Frederik II of Denmark permits count John VII of Oldenburg to trade with the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1585, March 18
Kronborg
King Frederik II of Denmark to count John VII of Oldenburg: the request for prolonged use of the harbour Kummerwage is granted. The harbours Neswage and Grundeforde, however, have already been given to the archbishop of Bremen, but will be given to Oldenburg when they will become available.
1585, August 16
Jever
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: answer to the license for the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde, which the count has gladly received, and the state of his relations with the Bremen cathedral chapter, which is electing a new bishop.
Transcript available
1585, November 20
[Bremen]
Henrich Salomon, Christoffer Meyer, Johan Koster, Vasmer Bake, Everdt Hoveman and Friedrich Koster to Bremen: request for a license to use the harbours Neswage and Grindeforde in Iceland, after prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen, who had held the previous license, died. Since Bremen merchants had a long tradition of sailing to these harbours, they would like the license back.
Transcript available
1585, November 22
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about the many hindrances of the Bremen trade with Iceland and request for a license to use the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde on behalf of Christoffer Meyer and Johan Koster.
Transcript available
1585, December 17
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: in answer to the request of Bremen merchants to use the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde, it is replied that the license for the said harbours has already been granted to the count of Oldenburg after the previous license holder, prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen, had died.
Transcript available
1586
List of harbours in Iceland for which licenses have been issued to merchants from Stade, Bremen, Wilster and Oldenburg, in the years 1576-1585.
Transcript available
1586
Notes about two issued licenses in Iceland: of Botsand and Dureshave to citizens from Wilster, 1584, and Neswage and Grundeforde to the count of Oldenburg, 1585.
1586, January 21
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Hans van Delmenhorst from Lübeck to trade with the harbour Holm in Iceland for ten more years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1586, February 13
Hamburg
List of harbours in Iceland, for which Hamburg merchants have applied for a license.
1586, February 19
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland for four years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1586, February 19
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Bartelt Elers and Cordt Tacke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Iseforde in Iceland for four years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1586, February 19
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Ratke Timmerman from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Schagestrand in Iceland for four years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1587, October 21
Hamburg
Paul Lindeman to Hamburg: request for the renewal of the license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, which he received last year for two years together with Cordt Botker, who has died.
1587, October 21
Hamburg
Bernd Osthof to Hamburg: request for the renewal of his license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland, which will expire next year.
1587, October 21
Hamburg
Jochim Focke to Hamburg: request for renewal of his license for the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland, which he has received for two years and will expire next year.
1587, November 9
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request renewal of the licenses for the harbours Wapenforde, Grindewick and Ostfriedenes in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Lindeman, Bernd Osthof and Jochim Focke, which they had for two years before, as well as a new license for Dureshave and Rodershave in Langenes, which have become free, on behalf of Jochim Warneke.
Transcript available
1587, November 29
London
Elderman Moritz Zimmerman of the London Steelyard to Bremen: has found out that the ship that was attacked by English pirates near Shetland while on the way to Iceland, is lying at the Isle of Man, most of the goods sold, and that attempts to retrieve it will cost a lot of money and trouble.
Transcript available
1587, December
Bremen
Johan Hudeman and Evert Schroder to Bremen: state that they have sailed to the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland for a long time, and acquired a license in 1586. On the way back, their ship has been attacked by English pirates, who left them naked on Shetland, and also robbed them of their license. Therefore, they request intercession in acquiring a new one from the Danish king.
Transcript available
1587, December 31
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: describe how a ship coming back from Iceland to Bremen, which among others had stockfish on board destined for the king, was attacked by English pirates near Shetland. Now it has become clear that the ship is on the Isle of Man, support of the king is requested in retrieving it.
Transcript available
1588, January 18
[Bremen]
Instruction for Bremen counsellor Heinrich Bredelo and secretary Heinrich Houck, who were sent to the Danish king to discuss the problem of Bremen merchants losing their licenses for harbours in Iceland to Hamburg and Oldenburg merchants. Therefore, it is asked to secure the four remaining harbours Ostforde, Bodenstede, Flattoh and Watlose for Bremen merchants, and to request new licenses for Stickingsholm and Elleroh to compensate for the lost harbours.
1589, June 10
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Hans Schomaker from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Dureshave in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1589, August 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for the renewal of the license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland, on behalf of Berndt Osthof.
1589, September 26
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Martin Losekanne from Bremen to trade with the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1589, October 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Lindeman, who was attacked by Scottish pirates in 1588.
1589, October 28
Lübeck
Anna, widow of Hans von Delmenhorst to Lübeck: request for continued use of the harbour Holm in Iceland, for which her husband had a license for ten years, of which only three years have been used, and where he sailed for about 35 years, but which is now claimed by someone else.
1589, November 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish Council of the Realm: request to renew the license for the harbour Iseforde in Schiffelforde in Iceland on behalf of Bartelt Elers and Cordt Tacke.
1589, December 3
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1589, December 3
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Bartelt Elers and Cordt Tacke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Iseforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1589, December 6
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for a license to use the harbour Reff in Iceland on behalf of Hans Hase. A license is held by Bernd Salfeld at the time, but it is stated that the harbour can be used by two ships.
1590, January 28
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Georg Schinckel from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Botsand in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, January 29
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Peter Sivers from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Schagestrand in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, January 29
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Kleve from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Watnow in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1590, February 28
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to change the license of Marten Losekanne for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland to Ostforde. It is claimed that a mistake was made in the license, as Losekanne and his predecessors have used the Ostforde for 80 years, whereas Wapenforde has been in use by Hamburg merchant Paul Lindeman for 20 years.
1590, October 14
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: repeated request to change the name for the license of Wapenforde in Iceland to Ostforde, on behalf of Martin Losekanne. Also a new request for a license for Klevesohe in Lon on behalf of Friedrich Tilebare. The harbour has not been used before, but its inhabitants have been trading with the Bremen merchants in Ostforde.
1590, November 3
Kolding
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Martin Losekanne from Bremen to trade with the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for four years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, November 4
Kolding
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Luder Otersen from Lübeck to trade with the harbours Orbackhaffe and Torlakshaffe in Iceland for three years, which were used before by Herman Wegener from Hamburg for Ottersen.
1590, November 5
Copenhagen
Excerpt of Marten Losekanne's license for Ostforde in Iceland, with notes about the license of Daniel Elers for Bernforde.
Transcript available
1591
Bremen
Summary of the petitions and complaints of Hamburg and Bremen merchants regarding the conflict between Daniel Elers from Hamburg and Marten Losekanne from Bremen about the harbours Ostforde and Bernforde in Iceland.
1591
Hamburg
Daniel Elers to the Danish council of the Realm: complains about how he received a license for the harbour Bernforde in Iceland, but was hindered by Bremen merchant Marten Losekanne, who acquired a license for Wapenforde, but changed the name to Ostforde, which he claims to be the same harbour as Bernforde.
1591, July 9
Wolfenbüttel
Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick-Lüneburg to the Danish Council of the Realm: request for a license for the harbour Stappe in Iceland, on behalf of his factor Detmar Kenckel in Bremen.
Transcript available
1591, September 7
Bremen
Dietmar Kenckel to Bremen: request to use the harbour Stappe in Iceland, for which a license was previously held by his father Dietmar Kenckel, and later by Hamburg merchants, whose license has now ended.
Transcript available
1591, November 14
Bremen
Bremen's instruction for the secretary Daniel Bisterfeldt, who is sent to discuss the matter about the rightful use of the harbour Ostforde/Bernforde, in which it is stated that it can be proven that Marten Losekanne and his predecessors have rightfully used the harbour under the name Ostforde for decades, and that it is therefore not true that they have changed a license for Wapenforde to the invented name Ostforde, as Hamburg merchant Daniel Elers claims.
Transcript available
1591, between December 12 and 29
Copenhagen
Representative of the Hamburg merchants with Bernforde to the Danish Council of the Realm: reply to complaints from the Bremen representative in the conflict about the use of the harbour Ostforde/Bernforde in Iceland, in which he states that although the Bremen merchants have a license for Ostforde, this refers to a quarter of the entire land and not to a specific harbour like Bernforde.
1592, January 4
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Marten Losekanne from Bremen to trade with the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for four years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1592, March 24
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Hans Schomaker from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Dureshave in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1592, May 19
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Johan Hudeman and Friederich Koster from Bremen to trade with the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1592, October 1
Antvorskov
King Christian IV of Denmark renews the permission for Ambrosius Loring from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Stappe in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1592, October 1
Visborg
Former governour Laurens Kruse of Iceland declares that Carsten Bake from Bremen has left the harbour Holm in Iceland to Luder Ottersen from Lübeck.
Transcript available
1592, October 10
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: complaints about the behaviour of the English merchants and fishermen in and around Iceland, who fish so much that nothing is left for the Icelanders and German merchants, attack German ships and trade illegally.
1592, October 19
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: accompanying letter to extensive complaints against fishing and trading activities of the English in Iceland, and request to prohibit them from visiting Iceland.
1592, October 19
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for the renewal of the license for the harbour Botsand in the south of Iceland on behalf of Reimer Ratkens. The license was previously issued to his deceased companion Jurgen Schinckel.
1592, October 29
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Iseforde in Iceland on behalf of Bartelt Elers and Roleff Eis, who have suffered greatly from English interference recently.
1592, November 16
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Pawel Barnefeld from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Grindewick in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights. The name of Hans Steinkamp is added in pencil.
Transcript available
1592, December 31
Bremen
Carsten Bake to the Danish council of the Realm: describes the long tradition of his family of trading in Iceland, and complains about how he had to use different harbours all the time. Therefore, he requests a license for the harbours Neswage and Hellesandt.
Transcript available
1593
Johan Vogt to the Danish council of the Realm: request for a license for the harbour Holm in Iceland on behalf of his master Luder Ottersen. The license was since 1590 held by Carsten Bake from Bremen, who cooperated with Ottersen, and now a new license is requested for Ottersen himself.
1593, January 1
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Reimer Ratkens from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Botsand in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, January 1
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Kleve from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Watnow in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, January 2
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Jochim Focke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, January 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Iseforde in Iceland, on behalf of Bartelt Elers and Roleff Eis, who have suffered greatly from English interference recently, and sail with two ships, so two copies of the license are requested.
Transcript available
1593, February 28
Bremen
Carsten Bake to the Danish Council of the Realm: states that they have promised him to grant him the right to fish and trade in winter and summer in the harbours Neswage and Kummerwage, on the condition of a letter of recommendation of the Bremen city council, and as that letter is now provided, asks them to hold this promise.
Transcript available
1593, February 28
Bremen
Carsten Bake to Bremen: describes how his father Vasmer Bake has been active in Iceland for many years, and himself has been trading in the harbours Neswage, Flatto and Holm, but lost them all to others, so that he still has many outstanding debts in various places, and therefore requests the use of Neswage and Kummerwage, which have remained unused for two years.
1593, March 2
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Peter Sivers from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Schagestrand in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights. Changed to Jurgen Vilter after Sivers's death.
1593, March 2
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, April 27
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Carsten Bake from Bremen to trade with the harbours Neswage and Lando in Iceland for three years. After expiration of the license, the harbour will be given to the count of Oldenburg again.
Transcript available
1593, September 4
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a prolongation of the license for the harbour Flatto in Iceland, which was formerly given to Pall Jonsson for four years, on behalf of Bremen citizen Bernd Jonsson, who was born in Iceland.
1593, October 9
Kolding
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Berndt Jonson from Bremen to trade with the harbour Flatto in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights. In 1596, after Jonson's death, the harbour was given to Danish subjects.
Transcript available
1594
Hamburg
Hans Elers to royal secretary Augustinus Erich: writes that lawman Jon Jonsson has asked him and Jurgen van Winsen to sail to the harbour Ruteforde in Iceland, and requests a license to do so. A license has been given in 1591 to Laurens Schroder and Jochim Holste, but they are not using it.
1594, August 27
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: complaint about interference of Bremen merchant Hans Honne in Neswage, where he supposedly destroyed the Oldenburg booths and built his own, and interfered with the trade of Oldenburg skipper Claus Koch when he arrived there. The first part of the letter concerns the Oldenburg possession of the land of Jever.
1594, August 27
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to Heinrich Ramel, Danish privy councillor: request for help in acquiring a renewal of the license to use the harbour Neswage and Kummerwage.
1595, February 15
Hamburg
Heinrich Moller to Hamburg: request for a license for the harbour Dureshave in Iceland, where the inhabitants have asked him to sail there, or else for the harbour Rodeforde, which is currently not licensed to anyone.
1595, July 3
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Schavenforde in Iceland, on behalf of Albert Sivers, who has sailed there for many years, and the oldest son of Matthias Eggers, who drowned in the Elbe recently.
1595, October 1
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Stappe in Iceland on behalf of Ambrosius Loring.
1595, November 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Grindewick on behalf of Hans Steinkamp. As the license was also issued to Paul Barnefeld, who is currently not using the harbour, Bernd Osthoff also made a request earlier this year, but he will then have a part in Steinkamp's ship.
1595, November 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland, on behalf of Hans von Hutlen.
1595, November 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a renewal of the license for the harbour Iseforde in Iceland on behalf of Bartelt Elers and Roleff Eis, who sail there with two ships, as well as an extension to Alteforde, which is currently not in use and where the inhabitants have complained that they have to travel so far to Iseforde.
1595, November 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Schagestrandt on behalf of Peter Sivers's widow and Jurgen Vilters.
1595, December 10
Aarhus
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1596, January 2
Skanderborg
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Johan Oldenbuttel, Marten Losekanne (later changed to Johan and Friedrich Wilkens) and Johan Reineke's widow from Bremen to trade with the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for three years.
1596, January 14
Aarhus
Niels Busk to Fritz Pöner, toll collector in Rendsburg: mentions how he has talked to his son in Aarhus, who was interested in applying for a license for a harbour in Iceland, and that one harbour in the west has become free. As he already has a license for Ströme himself, he is not interested in it, but he has heard that men from Bremen have also applied for it. Therefore, Pöner's sons should apply immediately, as the Bremen men will receive an answer on February 14.
1596, April 1
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Jochim Focke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1596, October 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the two licenses for the harbour Haneforde in Iceland for six years, on behalf of Hans Holtgreve and Joachim Hare, companion of the deceased Hans Jaspers.
1596, December 24
Hamburg
Joachim Terminau to king Christian IV of Denmark: because of his good services as a translator at the marriage of Christian's sister with the Scottish king, the Council of the Realm promised him the use of a harbour in Iceland. Therefore, as Berndt Salfeldt died a few days ago, a license for his harbour Reff is requested.
1597, January 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Hellesandt in Iceland on behalf of Herman Beverborch.
1597, March 11
Oldenburg
Count Johan of Oldenburg to Heinrich Ramel, royal Danish privy councillor: besides a request to buy corn in Denmark, the count complains about Bremen merchants in Iceland, who use the harbour Neswage under the name Stickingsholm with the support of sheriff Carsten Bake, damaging the Oldenburg trade there, and demands that the king forbids this.
1597, March 18
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans Holtgreve from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Haneforde in Iceland for one year, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1597, March 18
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Joachim Harre from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Haneforde in Iceland for one year, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1597, April 4
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Bremen: request to stop using the harbour Stickingsholm and to return the license, which was issued to Heinrich Alberts and Albert Rote, but was acquired under false pretenses, as it appears to be a part of Neswage, for which count John of Oldenburg already holds a license.
Transcript available
1597, April 20
Bremen
Gerdt Gerbade, Hinrich Albers and Albert Koster to Bremen: respond to the prohibition to sail to the harbour Stickingsholm in Iceland, for which they had received a license. Contrary to what the Oldenburg merchants claim, Stickingsholm is a different harbour from Neswage, and that the single ship of 35 last which the Oldenburg merchants use to sail to Iceland is not big enough to meet the demands of the locals. As they have already prepared their ships for this year's journey, they ask permission to use their rightful license at least for one more year.
Transcript available
1597, April 28
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: complaint about the prohibition to sail to Stickningsholm in Iceland, which is, contrary to what the Oldenburg merchants say, a separate harbour from Neswage. Moreover, the Oldernburg merchants are not able to meet the needs of the islanders with a single ship. If the king is unwilling to allow continued trading there, then at least permission to sail for a single year is requested, to reclaim outstanding debts.
1597, April 28
Oldenburg
Count Johan of Oldenburg to governor Brostrup Gedde of Iceland: sends him a copy of the letter of the Danish king to Bremen, in which he forbids them to use the harbour Stickingsholm in Iceland, and asks him to prevent Bremen merchants from doing so.
Transcript available
1597, September 3
Oldenburg
Harmen Kloppenburg reports that he was lucky to have arrived eight days before the Bremen merchants in Iceland, who nowadays buy all the fish in Grundeforde which used to be sold in Kummerwage. Moreover, sheriff Carsten Bake only accepted the tolls for Kummerwage and not for Neswage, which he had given to Bremen.
1597, October 5
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the two licenses for the harbour Haneforde in Iceland on behalf of Joachim Hare and Hans Holtgreve.
1597, November 15
Itzehoe
Hans Elers to Augustus Erich, secretary of the German chancery of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Ruteforde in Iceland, which has never been licensed to anyone, or else Dureshave, for which Hamburg has a license, but which they haven't used yet.
1598, January 7
Haderslev
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Luder Ottersen from Lübeck to trade with the harbour Orbackhaffe in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1598, January 10
Oldenburg
Oldenburg merchants with Iceland to [Bremen]: remind them about the letter of the Danish king, in which he prohibited Bremen merchants to use the harbour Stickingsholm, and of which they included a copy, and ask the merchants from Bremen to respect that prohibition.
1598, January 17
Haderslev
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Jacob Winock from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1598, January 17
Haderslev
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Cordt Basse and Hans Hering from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Dureshave in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1598, June 20
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Jacob Fincken from Flensburg to trade with the harbour Bereforde in Iceland, which was formerly used by the deceased Daniel Elers from Hamburg, for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1598, June 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland on behalf of Bernd Osthoff to the Danish king. Osthoff had used the harbour before, and afterwards Paul Barnefeld.
1598, June 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license to use the harbour Alteforde in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Barnefeld and Paul Albers, who have heard that the said harbour is available.
1598, July 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to Danish councillor Christoffer Valckendorf: has sent a request for a license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland on behalf of Bernd Osthoff to the Danish king. Osthoff had used the harbour before, and afterwards Paul Barnefeld. As the king is apparently not in Denmark and unable to respond to the letter, the same request is asked from Valckendorff.
1598, August 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Hofsos in Iceland on behalf of Albert Sivers and Hans Eggers, son of Matthias.
1598, September 21
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbours Strome and Watlose in Iceland, on behalf of Rotmar Pöner from Rendsburg and Cordt Wemeyer, Jacob Hambrock and Heinrich Ratkens from Hamburg.
1598, November 8
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Schagestrandt in Iceland, on behalf of Jurgen Vilter.
1599, Autumn
Hamburg
[Johan Holtgreve to the merchants in Iseforde in Iceland]: writes how lawman Jon Jonsson has complained how the merchants in Iseforde do not provide the local population with enough commodities, because they only sail there with one ship, and asks them to allow him in Alteforde.
1599, February 1
Hamburg
Eldermen of the confraternity of Iceland merchants to Hamburg: complain about the raise of tolls in Iceland from one to two portugaleser, or 32 reichstaler, which combined with the increasing corn prices and the risk of piracy means that it is hard to make a profit, and therefore ask for cancellation of this extra toll.
1599, February 3
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Botsandt in Iceland, on behalf of Reimer Ratkens.
1599, November 5
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbours Husawick or Roderhebde in Iceland, which are not in use by anyone, on behalf of Andreas Selm and Jurgen Vilter, who have traded in Iceland before.
1599, November 10
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a prolongation of the license for the harbours Kummerwage and Neswage in Iceland for a longer period than three years, as well as an extension of the license to the harbours Grundeforde and Landoh.
1599, December 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish privy councillor Christoffer Valckendorf: complaint on behalf of the Hamburg merchants in Iseforde in Iceland, who were accused by lawman Jon Jonsson of not having brought enough commodities for the local population, but who have sailed there for 12 years and have acquired a license in 1598 for three years. Therefore, it is asked to reject the request of Johan Holtgreve to sail there as well.
1600, January 2
Oldesloe
Oldesloe to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbours Husewick and Schlete in Iceland, which are not in use, on behalf of Michael Barchstede, who has traded in England before.
1600, January 3
Oldesloe
Oldesloe to Danish councillor Christoffer Valckendorff: request for a license for the harbours Husewick and Schlete in Iceland, which are not in use, on behalf of Michael Barchstede, who has traded in England before.
1600, August 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license to use the harbour Haneforde in Iceland, on behalf of Hans Holtgreve and shipowners Cordt Bleke, Herman Kopman and Dirick Hambrock.
1600, November 13
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Hellesand or Olefswick in Iceland, which are currently not in use, on behalf of Berndt Salfeld the Younger, including permission to sail to Reff to reclaim the outstanding debts of his father there, who sailed there for more than fifty years, but died three years ago. He had already applied for a license for Reff in January the same year, but it was given to Gerd Melsow from Bergen.
1601, January 30
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request on behalf of Danish merchant Nicolaus Bus and Jacob Beneke from Hamburg, that if a harbour in Iceland becomes available, they would like to receive a license for it.
1601, February 13
Hamburg
Bernd and Henning Salfeld to Hamburg: renewed request for a license for the harbours Hellesand or Olefswick in Iceland, which are currently not in use, including permission to sail to Reff to reclaim their father's outstanding debts, who sailed there for over fifty years and died recently, but now Reff is in use by Gerdt Melsow from Bergen. A previous request was left unanswered.
1601, July 24
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark grants the use of all harbours in Iceland to the inhabitants of Copenhagen and other surrounding cities, and forbids the count of Oldenburg to trade there after his license for the harbours Nesvogur and Kumbaravogur has expired.
Transcript available
1601, July 24
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Bremen: grants the right to trade in Iceland to merchants from Copenhagen and other surrounding cities, and forbids foreign merchants to trade there after their licenses have expired.
Transcript available
[1603, after October 3]
[Bremen]
Frederich Koster, Friedrich Tilebare and Cordt Walleman to Bremen: complain about the prohibition of the trade with Iceland by the Danish king, even though Bremen merchants have traded in Iceland for over hundred years. Moreover, the king could have let this be known earlier, so that they have time to collect their outstanding debts.
1601, October 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: complaint about the prohibition of the Icelandic trade for foreigners, which is unfair because they have always served the local population well, and it damages the involved merchants, who still have many outstanding debts, and the poor and sick who depend on the confraternity of Iceland merchants.
Transcript available
1601, November 15
Bremen
Instruction of the Bremen city council for Johan von Affelen, who is sent to the Danish court to discuss the prohibition of the Icelandic trade for foreign traders. Not only will the prohibition damage the Bremen merchants, who have traded in Iceland for as long as people remember, also it will be of disadvantage to the Icelanders. Therefore, it is asked to prolong the licenses for the three harbours served by Bremen, or at least to let them sail to these harbours until they have collected their outstanding debts.
1601, December 13
Hamburg
Hans Steinkamp and Bernd Osthoff to Hamburg: complain how the ship of Hans Hare has shipwrecked on Helgoland on its way to Iceland, at which occasion most of their goods were lost, so that they had to cancel the journey to Iceland for this year. Because their license for the harbour Grindewick has expired, however, they ask permission to sail once more next year.
1601, December 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request on behalf of the merchants with Grindewick, to sail one more year to Iceland, because they have lost a lot of their commodities during a shipwreck of Hans Hare's ship on Helgoland in April this year.
1602, August 30
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: witness accounts of eight persons who sailed with Johan Holtgreve from Helsingør to Spakenefeldshovede in Iceland, who was accused by Copenhagen merchants that he interfered with their business by visiting the harbour Botsand. They tell how they could not reach Spakenefeldtshovede because of the sea ice, and were welcomed by the locals in Botsand because the Danish merchants in Kibbelwick would not trade with them.
Transcript available
1602, September 13
Hamburg
Cordt Weimar, Hans von Hutlen, Herman Weimar, Jurgen Jordan, Heinrich Eggers, Gise Kopman and Heinrich Ort to Hamburg: state that they had a valid license for the harbour Watlose in Iceland and had been using the harbour for a long time, as can be confirmed by the Icelandic officials.
1602, November 27
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a copy of the license for the harbour Walforde in Iceland on behalf of Heinrich Gerbrandt, Paul Focke, Michael Brautigam, Claus Makebusch, Johan Rentzel, Tonies Rode and Heinrich Smidt, after Rode and Smidt lost the license in 1601 during a shipwreck on the way back from Iceland, at which occasion skipper Joachim Greve died.
1602, November 29
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for permission to sail to Haneforde the next year, on behalf of Cordt Bleker, Herman Kopman, Diderich Berman, and Didrich Hambrock, which was forbidden by the king even if their license is still valid for a year, and they have many outstanding debts.
1603, February
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to use the harbour Olafswick near Kummerwage in Iceland, which has never been used before, as the fish catches have been so bad in the previous year, that the Oldenburg merchants still have many outstanding debts on the island.
Transcript available
1603, February 28
Hamburg
Merchants who used to sail to Walforde in Iceland to Hamburg: complain about the Haneforde merchants, who refuse to help them collect their outstanding debts in Iceland after their ship was lost on the Elbe, and ask for a new license from the king.
1603, March 4
Hamburg
Merchants with the harbour Walforde in Iceland to Hamburg: complain how after a shipwreck, during which they lost their license, the Danish king told them to transport their goods together with the merchants in Haneforde. As they refused because they have too many goods to transport themselves, it is requested to sail one more year to Walforde to collect outstanding debts.
Transcript available
1603, April
[Hamburg]
Merchants who sail to Haneforde to Hamburg: reply to the complaints of the Kibbelwick merchants, in which they state that they had hired space on the Kibbelwick ship, but they were too far away and left too soon to load it, so that they had to dangerously overload their own ship.
Transcript available
[1603, April]
[Hamburg]
Merchants with Walforde to Hamburg: ask permission to send a small ship with ballast to Iceland to collect their last debts, because they had a valid license, but lost it during a shipwreck.
Transcript available
1603, April 8
[Hamburg]
Merchants who trade with Ruteforde to Hamburg: relate how they lost two ships in the last years, which forced them to leave their goods on Iceland for four years, and couldn't retrieve them because of the bad weather. Then the governor ordered them to sail back to Denmark, but a storm drove them to Hamburg, where they are not allowed to enter the harbour. Therefore, it is asked to land their goods to prevent even further damage.
Transcript available
1603, April 14
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Bremen: orders all to finish their business and collect their outstanding debts on Iceland this year, as it will be the last year that foreign presence in Iceland is tolerated.
Transcript available
1603, May 1
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: draft for an answer to the king's final prohibition of the Icelandic trade, in which the support of the governour and the islanders is asked in reclaiming their last outstanding debts. The letter was never sent.
1603, September 8
Hamburg
Berndt Salfeld to Hamburg: complains about how he went to the harbour Reff in Iceland to pick up a load of stockfish which was traded by his brother David, and which he couldn't take last year, but was accused by lawman Jon Jonsson that his license was expired, and his brother David had traded illegally in Reff, and his goods and booths were confiscated.
1603, September 13
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to return the goods that were confiscated from Bernd Salfeld in Iceland by the lawman when he tried to collect his outstanding debts.
1604, January 10
Hamburg
Bernd Salfeld to king Christian IV of Denmark: complains how his goods have been confiscated in Iceland by the governour by request of lawman Jon Jonsson, and was forced to pay 2000 daler because he tried to collect his outstanding debts, and asks to let Jonsson appear before court.
1604, January 11
Hamburg
Merchants who trade with Kibbelwick to Hamburg: write that the council has decided last year that the Haneforde merchants have to deposit 750 mark, which the Kibbelwick merchants claim they owe them for freight money, but that they refuse to do this and are continuously obstructing the judicial process, and ask the council not to tolerate this anymore.
1604, March 12
Hamburg
Merchants wo used to sail to Iceland to Hamburg: request for mediation with the Danish king to be allowed to sail one ship to Iceland to collect the goods, debts, and booths that are still on the island, or to transport these on a Danish ship, because they still have many outstanding debts on Iceland.
Transcript available
1604, March 13
[Hamburg]
Alberdt Sivers to Hamburg: writes that he has received a letter from Helsingør merchants, asking him to sail for them to Ohrbach in Iceland, and asks the city council to permit him to leave from Lübeck to Iceland and to return to Hamburg.
1604, March 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request on behalf of the merchants with Iceland, to send a small ship to Iceland to collect the goods, booths and ships that were left behind on the island.
Transcript available
1610, January 19
Hamburg
Hamburg to King Christian IV of Denmark: because Heinrich Krack was accused of having traded illegally in Iceland in 1609, he was brought to court in Hamburg, where he declared that he had been fishing near Shetland and the Faroes, and because he had caught too little and was driven by a storm to Iceland, he was forced to trade a little there to make a living. Therefore, it is asked to refrain from further prosecution.
1611, February 7
Oldenburg
Count Anton Günther of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: writes that he has heard that the Copenhagen trade monopoly of Iceland will be revised, and therefore requests the use of one of the harbours Bodenstede, Stappe or Reff.
Transcript available
1611, March 29
Hamburg
Henrich Kracke to Hamburg: although governor Herloff Daa has accused him of having traded illegally in Iceland, Kracke has only been in Iceland to fish, and had sold just a little to Icelanders who had come to him at sea, so he did not interfere in anyone's business on land. Therefore, it is asked that all charges against him are dropped.
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