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Transcript available
1416, May 24 - August 3
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, in which the eldermen of the Bergen Kontor complain about German sailing to Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroes, after which the gathered envoys decide that this journey is forbidden.
Transcript available
1469, December 31
Braunschweig
Braunschweig to Lübeck: ask legal advice in a case where their citizen Frederik Leddinghusen has freighted the ship of Bremen skipper Marten Stene for Iceland, who shipwrecked on Shetland on the journey, but still wants to receive the full promised freighting money.
Transcript available
1470, December 30
Braunschweig
Braunschweig to Bremen: regarding the conflict between Frederik Ledinghusen from Braunschweig and skipper Martene Steen from Bremen, in which the latter claimed the full freight money from Leddinghusen for transporting commodities to Iceland, even though he shipwrecked in Shetland, the Hanseatic Diet has decided in 1447 that in such cases, only part of the freight money is due, and therefore it is asked to see that the matter is settled.
Transcript available
1484, March 11
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, in which the Bergen merchants complain about the Icelandic trade, whereby Hamburg merchants are sailing from other cities such as Wismar, upon which it is decided that this trade should end, and that letters should be sent to Bremen and Danzig to prevent ships from sailing to Iceland.
Transcript available
[1487, May 28 - June 15]
[Lübeck]
Report of Riga burgomaster Johann Schöning about the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, where among others the representatives of the Kontor in Bergen complained about direct trade in Iceland, which damages the Kontor.
Transcript available
1489 and 1513
Bremen
Bremen town law in the "Kundige Rolle", in which it is among others declared, that (stock)fisch from Bergen, Iceland, and Shetland shall be sold each under its own name and kept in separate containers, on the penalty of one bremer mark.
Transcript available
1489, March 12
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of Wendish cities in Lübeck, in which among others the eldermen of the Bergen merchants complain about the trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes, whereupon all gathered cities except Hamburg decide that they shall refrain from this trade if Hamburg does so as well.
Transcript available
1494, May 25
Bremen
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Bremen, in which among others the merchants in Bergen complain about merchants sailing to Shetland, who mix Shetland fish with fish from Bergen, upon which it is decided that Shetland shall not be visited anymore, upon penalty of being excluded from the Hanse.
Transcript available
1494, June 5
Bremen
Representatives of the Hanseatic cities gathered in Bremen, confirm that they have decided that nobody is allowed to sail to Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroes, on the penalty of being excluded from the Hanse, and that it is forbidden to sell Shetland fish as rotscher.
Transcript available
1498, April 5
[Bergen]
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen to the representatives of the Hanseatic cities gathered in Lübeck: complaint about the commercial activity of two Bremen ships in Shetland in 1494, and how after the governor of Bergen had confiscated commodities of one of them, he had to release these after letters sent by the Duke of Holstein and the Count of Oldenburg.
Transcript available
1498, May 28
Bremen
Proceeding of the Hanseatic Diet in Bremen, in which among others the Kontor in Bergen complains about merchants sailing to Shetland and the Faroes and mixing fish from various origins, upon which the prohibition is repeated to sail to Shetland and other islands, except for Iceland, on the penalty of exclusion from the Hanse.
Transcript available
1502, [between February 6 and March 26]
[Lübeck?]
[Lübeck merchants with Bergen?] to the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen: report among others about the situation in various lands, complaints of Kampen, Deventer and Zwolle about the Kontor, and that they have not received news from Bremen, nor about the Iceland merchants Kinkel and Wilde.
Transcript available
1506, May 21
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, where among others the Bergen merchants complain that Hamburg and Bremen violate the prohibition of the trade with Orkney, the Faroes and Shetland, whereupon it is decided that the matter will be postponed until the next Diet.
Transcript available
1509, December 20
Bremen
Verdict of the Bremen city council in a conflict between the merchants and the crew of a ship that sailed to Iceland about the amount of the primage (payment for taking care of the cargo) to be paid, in which it is decided that the merchants shall not pay more than 1 Bremer grote.
Transcript available
1513, June 18
Report of Hamburg secretary Johann Reinken about the negotiations of Hanseatic cities with Denmark in Copenhagen, in which among others the King and the Council of the Realm state that Bremen and Hamburg are only allowed to trade in Iceland if they bring the fish to England.
Transcript available
1513, August 12
Nyköping
King Christian II of Denmark to the Wendish cities: declares that, after complaints from the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen, it is forbidden to trade directly with Iceland, unless the fish is brought directly to England.
Transcript available
[1514]
Complaints of the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen, collected for the negotiations with the Danish king in Oslo, in which the direct trade of Hamburg, Bremen and Holland with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes is presented as the main reason for the Kontor's demise.
Transcript available
[1517, June 12 - July 13]
[Lübeck]
Report of the Kampen representatives about the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, among others that Bremen has promised to see that Shetlandic and Icelandic fish shall not be mixed.
Transcript available
[1517, June 14 - July 5]
[Lübeck]
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, in which among others the gathered representatives emphasize that merchants in Iceland should behave peacefully towards the English, the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen complains against the Icelandic trade, and Osnabrück complains about the mixing of Shetlandic and Icelandic fish in Bremen.
Transcript available
1519, January [13]
[Lübeck]
Fragment of the proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, where the Bergen merchants from Lübeck complain about the North Atlantic trade by Bremen and Hamburg, and claim that they should only bring the Icelandic commodities to England.
Transcript available
1519, April 7
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, where among others the Bergen merchants complain about the trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes by Bremen and Hamburg, which damages the Kontor in Bergen, whereupon the Hamburg representatives claim that the Icelandic fish is usually brought to England.
Transcript available
[1519, before April 26]
[Lübeck]
Representatives of the cities Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle answer to complaints of the Bergen Kontor, among others that merchants from Bremen and Hamburg are visiting the Faroes and other islands, damaging the Hanse.
Transcript available
1521, May 29 - June 11
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck from May 29 to June 11, 1521, in which eldermen of the Bergen Kontor complain about illicit trade of Bremen and Hamburg in Iceland, among others.
Transcript available
1523, November 3
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: complain about Hamburg skipper Kersten Junghe, who had killed Bremen skipper Hinrick Haneman the previous year when he tried to stop him from using the harbour Grindeforde in Iceland, even though the latter only wanted to sail to Kummerwage, and demand compensation for Haneman's heirs.
Transcript available
[1525, June 15 - July 27]
[Danzig (Gda?sk)]
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Danzig, where the representatives of Bremen, Hamburg and Lüneburg promise to deal with Icelandic fish rightfully, so that no one can complain, as it is feared that the Icelandic trade will damage the position of the Kontor in Bergen.
Transcript available
[1525, July 7 - 29]
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, in which among others the trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes is discussed, during which Bremen claims that the fish from these lands does not push the fish from Bergen from the market, and Hamburg claims that merchants from other nations are sailing there anyway, whereupon it is decided that the Bergen merchants should accept this trade.
Transcript available
1527, July 2
Hafnarfjörður
Skippers and merchants from Hamburg, Bremen and England in Iceland testify that they have confirmed at Althing the measures and weights to be used in trading, and promised not to stay in winter, except in the case of shipwreck, or for young boys. It is requested that Hamburg will send a letter to confirm these regulations.
[1532]
Summary of the letter of Hamburg to the English king, which was given with Bartholomeus van der Linden.
Transcript available
1532
English complaint about attacks from Hamburg and Bremen men on the ship of Nicolas Gybson from London in the harbour Grenewick in Iceland, where after the Germans wanted to take stockfish which belonged to Gybson, they came during the night and killed 15 men on board.
Transcript available
1532, July 29
London
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in London to Hamburg: after the attacks of the English on Bremen and Hamburg merchants in Iceland, now merchants from Lynn have complained about how they were attacked by Lutke Schmidt's men in Iceland, who killed and wounded them and sank their ship. Therefore, eldermen of the Kontor and Hamburg merchants in England have to appear before the royal court, and it is asked to appropriate Lutke Schmidt's ship until the matter is settled.
Transcript available
1532, September 1
Windsor
King Henry VIII of England to Hamburg: complaint about how London merchant Nicolaus Gybson was attacked in Grindewick in Iceland in May by 280 men from Hamburg and Bremen, who killed 15 of his men on board of the ship, confiscated his ship and goods, worth 1500 pounds. Therefore, compensation and punishment of those involved is demanded.
Transcript available
1532, September 10
London
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in London to Hamburg: Thomas Cromwell has complained about attacks of Hamburg and Bremen merchants on the ship of English merchant Nicolas Gybson in the harbour Grindewick, whereby they killed 15 men on board and confiscated the ship. It is demanded that Hamburg settles the matter with Cromwell, in order not to endanger the Kontor's position in England.
Transcript available
1532,October 13
Gottorf
King Frederick I of Denmark to king Henry VIII of England: in response to English complaints about violence of Hamburg and Bremen merchants against them in Iceland, it is stated that the English behaved unlawfully against the local population, and therefore the Germans were only helping the governour to punish the English. Therefore, it is asked to excuse them and to refrain from measures against German merchants in England.
Transcript available
1532, October 21
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England: in response to complaints of Nicolaus Gybson, whose ship was attacked by Hamburg and Bremen merchants in Iceland last summer, it is stated that the English misbehaved and that the German merchants were only helping the Danish governour to punish them.
1532, October 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to Bremen: as the attacks on English merchants in Iceland last summer were done on order of the Danish governour, the matter has been passed on to the Danish king, and they send Bartholomeus van der Linden, secretary of the London Kontor, with a copy of the letter to the English king.
1532, October 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Hanseatic Kontor in London: Hamburg and Bremen merchants have assisted the Danish governour in Iceland against English merchants last summer, and the Kontor's secretary Bartholomeus van der Linden will bring a copy of Hamburg's reply to the complaints of the English king. Also, the merchants who will sail to Iceland next year have been ordered to behave peacefully towards the English there.
Transcript available
1532, November 6
Dirick tho Bramstede, governour of Iceland, testifies to the Bremen city council, that the Bremen skippers Baedtke Duerkoep and Herman Buerman, who were involved in the attacks on the English in Iceland, were helping the bailiff Dirick van Minden and not acting on their own initiative.
Transcript available
1532, December 22
London
Hanseatic Kontor in London to Lübeck: repeated complaint about violence of Hamburg and Bremen merchants against the English in Iceland, which damages the privileges of the Kontor. Therefore, it is demanded again to press Hamburg and Bremen to settle the matter.
Transcript available
1532, December 23
London
Hanseatic Kontor in London to Hamburg: complain that Hamburg and Bremen defend their actions against the English in Iceland by stating that they acted on order of the Danish governour, although they normally behave like free cities, which is damaging the Hanseatic rights in England, and demand them to behave peacefully towards the English in Iceland.
1533-1628
[Hamburg]
First donation register of the confraternity of St Anne of the Hamburg merchants with Iceland, which contains donations, mostly in fish or money, from the people on board of ships returning each year from Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes to Hamburg from 1533-1628. Also contains notes about the annual accounting of the eldermen of the confraternity.
Transcript available
[1533]
[Lübeck]
Eldermen of the Bergen merchants in Lübeck to Lübeck: state that the trade with Orkney, Shetland and the Faroes has been forbidden on the Hanseatic Diets in 1494 and 1498, but that some merchants are trading there anyway, and that merchants from Bremen, Hamburg and Holland have started to trade north of Bergen in Trondheim, damaging the Kontor, and ask for repercussions.
1533, January 11
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick I of Denmark: they have heard that the English king will send an envoy to Bremen and Hamburg to discuss the Icelandic conflict, but as they were acting on command of the Danish governour of Iceland, the king is asked to settle the matter as soon as possible, so that merchants sailing to Iceland next sommer will not get into trouble.
1533, January 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to Bremen: they have heard that the English king will send an envoy to Bremen and Hamburg to discuss the Icelandic conflict, but as they were acting on command of the Danish governour of Iceland, the matter should be brought before the Danish court.
1533, January 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to Rostock doctor of law Johan Oldendorp: asks for his cooperation in the negotiations between Denmark and England surrounding the conflict between Bremen and Hamburg and English merchants in Iceland.
Transcript available
1533, January 30
Lübeck
Lübeck to Hamburg: in response to a complaint of the Kontor in London about the violent behaviour of Hamburg and Bremen merchants against the English in Iceland, which damages the Hanseatic privileges in England, the council is once again asked to settle the matter as soon as possible.
Transcript available
[1533, February]
[Hamburg]
Detailed summary of the damages inflicted by the Germans to English ships in Iceland, with sums of the claims indicated, as presented by the English representative Thomas Lee during negotiations with Hamburg.
Transcript available
[1533, February]
[Hamburg]
Summary of the damages inflicted by merchants from Hamburg and Bremen upon the English in Iceland, as presented by the English representative Thomas Lee during negotiations with Hamburg.
Transcript available
1533, February 1
[Hamburg]
English complaints against the attacks of Hamburg and Bremen merchants in Icelandic harbours, presented to the Hamburg city council by the English representative Thomas Lee.
1533, February 5
Bremen
Martinus Michaelis from Bremen to Herman Rover, secretary of Hamburg: request on behalf of the Bremen skippers to keep them updated about the negotiations in Holstein which will soon take place.
1533, February 10
Hamburg
Hamburg secretary Herman Rover to Bremen secretary Martin Michaelis: upon inquiry from Bremen about the proceedings in the negotiations about the Icelandic quarrels with the English ambassador, it is answered that he has gone to Denmark, and that negotiations will take place in Segeberg soon, after which he will travel on to Bremen.
Transcript available
1533, February 10
[Hamburg]
Skippers Tonnies Pinxten, Hinrick Martinus and their companions testify that they had been in Haneforde in Iceland, and had bought fish in Grindewick, but discovered that English merchant Joen Brey had marked it as being his when they came to pick it up. Thereupon they attacked the English with 180 men, together with the bailiff and the merchants from Bremen in Holm.
Transcript available
1533, February [16]
Segeberg
Final response to the English negotiator in Segeberg, in which it is stated that the violence of Hamburg and Bremen merchants against the English in Iceland was a rightful punishment of their bad behaviour on the island.
1533, February 27
Hamburg
Hamburg secretary Herman Rover to Matthias van Emersen, secretary of the Hanseatic Kontor in London: informs about the actions of the English legate, who was received in Hamburg, then visited the Danish king in Gottorp, after which negotiations about the Icelandic matter took place in Segeberg in February, and left for Bremen on February 26.
1533, March 7
Hamburg
Hamburg to English represeantive Thomas Lee, who has already travelled to Bremen: send him the documents pertaining to the Icelandic quarrels, as well as a letter for the English king.
1533, March 9
[Bremen]
English representative Thomas Lee to Hamburg: writes that he has received the documents about the Icelandic quarrels and thanks them for that.
Transcript available
1533, May 14-17
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, where among others a letter is read with complaints about the trade from Bremen and Hamburg with northern Norway and the Faroes, whereupon the burgomaster of Hamburg replied that Tomas Koppen has been enfeoffed with the Faroes.
Transcript available
1533, May 20
London
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in London to Hamburg: hope that the conflict with England about the Icelandic situation has come to an end with the negotiations in Segeberg, and ask for compensation of expenses in the matter, as the Kontor had nothing to do with it.
Transcript available
1533, June 30
Þingvellir
The bishops of Skálholt and Hólar, the governour and two lawmen of Iceland, seven skippers from Hamburg and Bremen and English merchants testify that it was decided at Althing that German merchants can leave the commodities that they donot sell in Iceland, are not allowed to stay in winter except in the case of shipwreck or of boys who want to learn the language, and the weights and measures to be used are specified.
Transcript available
[1534, March 1-27]
[Hamburg]
Report of the Bremen representatives of negotiations in Hamburg, where they spoke among others about the weights to be used in the trade with Iceland.
Transcript available
1534, March 6
Hamburg
Thomas Koppen to Eske Bille, commander of Bergenhus: sends him a copy of his enfeoffment with the Faroes, and asks not to send a ship there to his detriment. Moreover, he sends him two barrels of Hamburg beer and a cake for his wife, as well as news about the political situation in Denmark and Germany.
Transcript available
[1535, before May 24]
[Bergen]
Complaints of the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen, presented at the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, among others about trade in Iceland, northern Norway, Orkney, Shetland and the Faroes, which was prohibited by the royal privileges and at the Hanseatic Diet of 1494.
Transcript available
[1535, August 15]
[London]
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in London to the Hanseatic representatives gathered in Lüneburg: various complaints of the Kontor, among others about the violence of Bremen and Hamburg merchants against the English in Iceland in 1532, which caused many expenses for which the Kontor requests compensation.
[early 1539]
[Lübeck]
Skipper Herman Vurborn to Lübeck: relates how Hamburg merchants do not allow anyone else to trade in Iceland, although they are free to do so, and that he has sailed to Iceland himself last year, with a license of the Danish king, and as he sent a messenger to the governour to show him the license, the Hamburg merchants tried to kill him. Therefore, it is requested from Hamburg to let other merchants trade in peace.
Transcript available
1539, July 3
Burravoe
Conveyance by Thomas Hacket, burgess of Dysart, to Laurence Hill, of land in Gluss in Northmavine, Shetland, which he had inherited from his late brother Robert Hacket and now sells, among others to pay the debts that Robert has with Bremen skipper Johone Baller.
Transcript available
1543, April 22
[Bremen]
Testament of Cordt Folkers from Bremen, made on the occasion of his journey to Shetland, in case he shall not return.
Transcript available
1548, December 9
[Bremen]
Johan Knippe, Cordt Hegewisch, Gerdt Westerwold, Franz Steffens, Johan Lantrede and Lambert tor Widen to Bremen: complaint against Harmen Oldensche and 8 other persons, who are accused of having sailed to the harbour Holm in Iceland with the complaining party for a number of years, but have sailed there last summer with a man from Lübeck, and refused to let their former colleagues to use the harbour as well, using violence to drive them out. Therefore, a compensation of the damage estimated at 800 gulden is demanded.
Transcript available
1549, April 8
[Bremen]
Contract between Bernd Losekanne, Reineke Swachman, Reineke Winter, Luder Wedeman, Volkert Frese, Gerdt Tilebare, Johan Reineke, Christoffer Meyer and Hans van Osnabrugge, and skipper Herman Wedeman, in which they form a trading company together to sail to Iceland, but promise to behave as ordinary sailors under the command of Wedeman during the journey.
Transcript available
1557-1577
[Iceland, Bremen]
Account book of the Bremen merchant Clawes Monnickhusen. The first part contains the debts of his Icelandic customers in Kummerwage, 1557-1558. The second part consists of debts of his customers in Bremen and surroundings, c.1560-1577.
Transcript available
1557, [September]
[Shetland]
Gerdt Breker obliges to Brun Oldenburg, Johan Belink, Oltman Icken, Harmen Middendorp, and Johan Ellebracht, that he will pay 150 Bremen marks to the heirs of Cordt Hemeling, and 20 daler to the foud of Shetland Olave Sinclair, because of his involvement in the death of Hemeling. He mortgages his posessions in and around Bremen, including his house and booth, and promises not to leave the ship that takes him back to Germany.
Transcript available
1558, February 7
[Bremen]
Lawyer Dirick van Minden to [Bremen]: answer to the complaint against his client Gerdt Breker by Brun Oldenburg and Johan Beling about the death of Cordt Hemeling in Shetland, in which he explains the circumstances that led to Hemeling's death. It was the rude behaviour of Hemeling himself that led to a fight on the ship, in which he was hit among others by Breker, and fell down. However, it cannot be proven that it was these events that led to his death, as he acted normally afterwards for 10 or 12 days, before he was found dead in his bunk. As Breker had no other choice than to confess, the obligation was forced upon him and therefore, it is pleaded to be declared null and void.
Transcript available
1558, March 21
[Bremen]
Lawyer Dirick Witting to [Bremen]: surrejoinder and final plea to the rejoinder of Gerdt Breker's lawyer against his clients Johan Beling and Brun Oldenburg in the case about the death of Cordt Hemeling on Shetland, in which he states that his clients have nothing to do with what exactly happened on Shetland and insists that Breker has to fulfill his obligation.
Transcript available
1558, May 2
[Bremen]
Lawyer Dirick van Minden to [Bremen]: rebutter and final plea to the surrejoinder of Dirick Witting, lawyer of Johan Beling and Brun Oldenburg, against his client Gerdt Breker in the case about the death of Cordt Hemeling on Shetland, in which he states that the ship's crew conspired against Breker while he was on the island, and that he cannot pay the desired amount, which will put him, his wife and children into trouble.
Transcript available
1559, February 1
[Bremen]
Lawyer Dirick van Minden to [Bremen]: complaint of his client Gerdt Breker against Gerdt Hemeling, the brother of skipper Cordt Hemeling, who allegedly died of injuries inflicted to him by Breker on Shetland, but acted normally and even helped Breker after the incident. Therefore, with an appeal to statute 101 of the city legislation, it is unfair that Breker had to pay 150 Bremen mark to Hemeling and was expelled from the city, and it is demanded that that claim is withdrawn.
Transcript available
1559, September 6
Brow
Olave Sinclair, governour of Shetland, testifies how in August 1557, German skipper Cordt Hemeling was slain by Gerdt Breker, a member of his crew, in Shetland, how he was sought and found, and that five men were appointed as Breker's warrantors before Sinclair on Cordt's brother Gerdt Hemeling's incentive.
Transcript available
1559, December 12
[Bremen]
Gerdt Hemeling to Bremen: defense against the complaint of Gerdt Breker's lawyer Didrick van Minden in the case about the death of his brother Cordt Hemeling on Shetland, in which he states that the witnesses contradict each other about what happened in Shetland, and that there is no alternative explanation for the cause of death of Hemeling than that he died from the blow dealt to him by Breker. Moreover, Breker confessed before Shetland governour Olave Sinclair, of whom he sends a letter of testimony, and demands that Breker pays the desired amount.
Transcript available
1560, January 15
[Bremen]
Lawyer Dirick van Minden to Bremen: replication to the defense of Gerdt Hemeling against his client Gerdt Breker in the case about the death of skipper Cordt Hemeling in Shetland, in which he states that the witnesses do not contradict each other, that Breker cannot pay the desired amount, and there is not enough evidence to convict him for manslaughter of Hemeling. Moreover, the translation of the testimony of Shetland governour Olave Sinclair is not valid as evidence because it is not verified by a notary.
Transcript available
1560, February 12
[Bremen]
Lawyer Dirick van Minden to [Bremen]: surrejoinder and final plea to the rejoinder of Gerdt Hemeling against his client Gerdt Breker in the case about the death of Cordt Hemeling in Shetland, in which he repeats that Breker should not be convicted of manslaughter, and asks the council to decide whether statute 101 is valid here, since both parties are citizens of Bremen.
Transcript available
1560, July 20
Scalloway
Olave Sinclair, governour of Shetland, permits the use of the harbour Baltasound in Unst, Shetland, to the merchant Johan Cordes from Bremen in the year 1561. One of the Low German translations is issued to Heinrick Byllen.
Transcript available
1561, January 19
Emborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Magnus Gyldenstiernn: relates that he has written to Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck that they shall not export sulfur from Iceland anymore, and to governor Poul Stigsen to prevent this from happening, and asks to deliver the letter to him.
Transcript available
1561, January 19
Emborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to governour Poul Stigsen in Iceland: relates how he has written to Bremen, Lübeck and Hamburg that they shall not trade Icelandic sulfur anymore, and asks him to see to it that this does not happen.
Transcript available
1562, October 26
[Bremen]
Johan Runge to Bremen: complaint against Segebad Detken, who has used the harbour Baltasound in Shetland, which was used by Runge with permission of the governour of Shetland the previous year, and refused them entry. Being unable to trade in Shetland, Runge then set sail for Bergen in Norway, under great losses, and demands a compensation of 400 daler.
Transcript available
1562, December 10
[Bremen]
Segebad Detken to Bremen: rejoinder to the replication of Johan Runge in the lawsuit about the use of the harbour Baltasound in Shetland, in which he states that Johan Cordes once was in his service, and acquired the license for Baltasound on false pretenses behind his back, and that the Scots original will actually show that the harbour was licensed to Henrick Byleke.
Transcript available
1563, January 28
[Bremen]
Segebad Detken to Bremen: rebutter and final plea to the surrejoinder of Johan Runge in the lawsuit about the use of the harbour Baltasound in Shetland, in which he repeats that they have used the said harbour for 40 years, of which only two years the harbour remained unused, and that his former companion Johan Cordes has secretly acquired a license, the name of which he changed to his own. Therefore, it is aked to drop all charges.
Transcript available
1563, August 18
Brow
Olave Sinclair, governor of Shetland, to Bremen: declares how he didn't want to give Johan Cordes and Johan Runge a license for the harbour of Baltasound, because there were already too many ships near the northern islands, but that they were not interested in one of the many available harbours on the mainland, and that it is a lie that they were driven from the said harbour by force by Segebad Detken and his companions.
Transcript available
1563, September 21
Edinburgh
Queen Mary of Scotland to Olave Sinclair, governour of Shetland: states that she has permitted Johan Cordes, Johan Bartscher, Gert Westerwolt, Hinrick Eggers and Hinrick Vaget from Bremen to use the harbour Baltasound in Shetland, on the condition that they pay their tolls, and asks Sinclair not to hinder them.
Transcript available
1564, February 26
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complain about interference of Hamburg merchants in the harbour Kummerwage, which Bremen has used for up to 70 years, in the previous year, and state that they have lost all their harbours to Hamburg except Bodenstede.
Transcript available
1564, February 26
Bremen
Bremen to governour Paul Stigsson in Iceland: request to plea with the king for protection of Bremen merchants in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland against Hamburg merchants, who have been a hindrance to their business there.
Transcript available
1564, March 6
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: in response to complaints of Bremen merchants about interference in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, it is asked not to sail there anymore this sommer. Also complains about deceptive behaviour of Hamburg ships in the Sound.
Transcript available
1564, March 6
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: in response to complaints about hindrance by Hamburg merchants in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, he has written to the governor in Iceland, and to Hamburg that they should abstain from sailing there this year.
Transcript available
1564, August 28
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Bodenstede in Iceland to Bremen: complain about interference of Jurgen Borchers from Hamburg in the harbour Bodenstede this year, and request the Danish king to forbid this.
1564, September 2
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about interference of Hamburg merchant Jurgen Borchers in the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, which is in use by Bremen merchants.
Transcript available
1564, September 13
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: in reaction to their complaint about hindrance of Hamburg merchants in the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, states that he has almost completely forbidden Hamburg to sail to Iceland, and grants them the use of the said harbour.
Transcript available
1564, September 13
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to [Joachim] Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: has granted Bremen merchants, who had complained about hindrance by Hamburg merchants in the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, the use of the said harbour, and almost completely forbade Hamburg merchants to sail to Iceland.
1564, December 20
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants who sailed with skipper Johan Borchers to Bodenstede to Hamburg: in response to Bremen complains, state that they have been forbidden to use the Icelandic harbours Stappe, Reff and Grundeforde in 1563 and Kummerwage in 1564, and therefore received permission from governour Pal Stigsson to trade in Bodenstede, and were not doing anything illegal.
Transcript available
[1565-1600]
[Bremen]
Memoirs (‘Seefahrtenbuch’) of Bremen skipper Bruning Rulves, among others about two journeys of ships freighted by Johan Baller to Shetland in 1550 and 1551. The first ship of skipper Johan Reyners wrecked, the second ship was sailed by skipper Hinrich van Minden.
Transcript available
1565, September 6
Bremen
Ludolf van Varendorp, dean of the cathedral chapter in Bremen, Georg van Helle, Hilmar van Monnickhusen and Adrian van Steinberg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for licenses for the harbours of Grindewick and Kibbelwick in Iceland on behalf of Herman Schomaker and Herman Knechting, who had sailed there for a long time, but lost their ship during a siege of Bremen, and therefore their trade was taken over by Hamburg merchants.
1565, October 9
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Bodenstede to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for mediation in acquiring a new license to use the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland.
Transcript available
1566, February 28
Copenhagen
Herman von Oldenseel (Lübeck) license for Vopnafjörður, which was formerly used by a Bremen man. King Frederick II of Denmark permits Herman von Oldenseel from Lübeck to trade with the harbour Wopnefiorde in Iceland, which was used by a man from Bremen before, until further notice.
1566, March 28
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Kummerwage and Bodenstede to Bremen: request for permission to keep sailing to the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede in Iceland, which according to a letter from governour Magnus Guldenstern have been given to Danes, but which they have used for over 70 years.
1566, March 29
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Kummerwage and Bodenstede to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for mediation to keep sailing to the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede in Iceland, which have recently been given to Danish merchants, but were used for over 70 years by Bremen merchants, and for which ships have already been prepared.
1566, March 30
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Kummerwage and Bodenstede to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for mediation to keep sailing to the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede in Iceland, which have recently been given to Danish merchants, but were used for over 70 years by Bremen merchants, and for which ships have already been prepared.
1566, March 30
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for permission to sail to the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede, which according to a letter from the Icelandic governour have been given to Danish merchants, but for which ships have already been prepared.
Transcript available
1566, March 31
Bremen
Bremen to governour Magnus Guldenstern of Iceland: in response to his letter, the merchants trading with the harbour Kummerwage and Bodenstede have complained, and they have sent a letter to the Danish king to ask for protection against Hamburg merchants.
Transcript available
1566, April 18
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: reply to the request for licenses for the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede in Iceland, that they have been given to Danish citizens. Furthermore about Peter Bolck and Swedish privateers on the North Sea.
Transcript available
1566, May 24
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: in response to accusations of hosting Swedish privateers in Bremen waters, they answer they have not heard of such thing, and remind the king that they have been driven from most of their harbours in Iceland by Hamburg merchants during the last years, and therefore need protection in the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede.
Transcript available
1567, February 1
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: Heinrich Mumme from Copenhagen, who has a license for the harbour Ostforde, complained about interference from Christoffer Meyer from Bremen, and the king asks to refrain from this illegal trade.
Transcript available
1567, February 17
[Bremen]
Hermanus Schroder, Segebandus Detken, Humierus Meager and Joannes Michaelis to [Bremen]: complain about violent attacks and robbery by Scottish pirates in various harbours in Shetland in 1566, which amounts to a total damage of 1008 daler, and ask for compensation and further protection in Shetland.
Transcript available
1567, February 25
Bremen
Bremen to Queen Mary Stuart of Scotland: send a complaint of their citizens, who have suffered violence and robbery from her subjects in Shetland the previous year, and request that the perpetrators be punished.
1567, February 28
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: answer to the complaint of Heinrich Mumme, in which they state that their subjects have sailed to Ostforde in Iceland for 70 years, still have many outstanding debts, and ask for continued permission to sail there.
1567, August 15
Sumburgh Head
James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, testifies that he arrived in Shetland and ordered Bremen merchant Gerdt Hemeling to rent his ship to him for two months, for 50 crowns each month, and in the case that the ship is damaged or not returned, he will restitute him 1200 daler and 100 crowns for the guns.
Transcript available
1567, September 2
Edinburgh
Verdict of assize of the justiciary court in trial of James Edmistoun and John Blacader, who are accused of piracy of three ships from Bremen in Shetland, a ship from Lübeck coming from Norway, and other crimes, and convicted to execution by hanging from the market cross in Edinburgh.
Transcript available
1567, September 22
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Iceland to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for mediation in acquiring a license to use the harbours Bodenstede and Kummerwage in Iceland.
Transcript available
1567, September 26
Bremen
Instruction for Tyleman Zerneman, who is sent by the Bremen city council to the king of Denmark to ask for reduction of the tolls to be paid for harbours in Iceland because of the bad fish catches of the last year, and licenses for the harbours Bodenstede, Stappe, Kummerwage, and Ostforde, and for reduction of the Sound toll on behalf of the city's Bergen merchants.
1567, September 30
Bremen
Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter, to king Frederick II: request for licenses to use the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede in Iceland on behalf of Bremen merchants, among other things.
Transcript available
1567, October 31
Aarhus
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Johan Munsterman from Bremen to trade with the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will not trade sulfur or fish oil, trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1567, October 31
Aarhus
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Johan Hudeman from Bremen to trade with the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will not trade sulfur or fish oil, trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1568, January 5
Copenhagen
James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell's account of his flight from Scotland via Shetland to Norway, where he was captured, including how he forced Gerdt Hemeling from Bremen and a merchant from Hamburg to rent him their ships in Shetland.
1568, January 30
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: repeated complaint about Hamburg merchants, who have a license to trade in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, but which Bremen merchants have used for more than 60 years, and request to keep using the harbour.
Transcript available
1568, March 3
[Bremen]
Gerd Hemeling to Bremen: request for mediation with the Danish king about compensation of his ship and goods, which were taken from him in Shetland previous year by a Scottish man, who is now held captive in Bergen in Norway.
Transcript available
1568, March 8
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for compensation on behalf of Gerd Hemeling for his ship and goods, which were stolen by a Scottish man in Shetland in the previous year.
Transcript available
1568, March 4
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: forbids Bernd Losekanne to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, after Heinrich Mumme, who holds the license for the said harbour, has complained about Losekanne's interference there.
Transcript available
[1568, before March 4]
[Copenhagen]
Heinrich Mumme to king Frederick II of Denmark: complains about Bernd Losekanne from Bremen, who has hindered him once again in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, even though the king has forbidden him to do so the year before.
1568, April 5
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: answer to the prohibition for Bernd Losekanne to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, after complaints of Heinrich Mumme. Also about the Sound toll.
Transcript available
1568, April 10
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: in reply to Gerd Hemeling's request for compensation of his ship and goods that were taken by count Bothwell in Shetland, Frederick answers that he is welcome to start a lawsuit against him.
1568, May 22
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: in response to the king's answer, the request is repeated for compensation on behalf of Gerd Hemeling for his ship and goods, which were stolen by a Scottish man in Shetland in the previous year.
Transcript available
1568, June 30
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: replies to the repeated request of Gerd Hemeling about compensation of his ship and goods, which were stolen by count Bothwell in Shetland, and repeats his previous answer that Hemeling is welcome to start a lawsuit against Bothwell.
1569, February 14
Bremen
Instruction for Thomas Haverkamp and Tyleman Zerneman, representatives of the city council of Bremen to the Danish king, to discuss among others the Sound toll on behalf of the Bergen merchants and the permission for Bremen merchants to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland.
Transcript available
1569, April 2
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark declares that he has permitted Bernd Losekanne from Bremen to sail to Ostforde or Pappie in Iceland, to which Heinrich Mumme has sailed before, under the condition that Mumme can still use the harbour in 1570.
1570, August 14
Stettin
Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter, to Danish councillor Peter Oxen: asks for protection of Bremen merchants in Stappe against interference from Hamburg merchants.
Transcript available
1570, September 23
Bremen
Christoffer Bornhorst, Vasmer Bake, Johan Hudeman, Johan Lubbe and Christoffer Meier, merchants who trade with Bodenstede in Iceland to [Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter]: ask for help in preventing Hamburg merchant Hans Gronewold from interfering in the harbour Stappe, which belongs to Bodenstede.
1570, October 15
Stettin
Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter, to Danish councillor Peter Oxen: repeated request to help Bremen merchants in Stappe in Iceland against interference of Hamburg merchants, even though Oxen answered that the harbour had already been given to someone else.
Transcript available
1570, October 21
Bremen
Johan Munsterman and Clawes Wittesant, merchants in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: relate how others are applying for licenses for Kummerwage at the Danish king, and ask Hinck for his mediation in continuing to sail there.
Transcript available
1571, January 23
Bremen
Christoffer Bornhorst, Vasmer Bake, Johan Hudeman, Johan Lubbe and Christoffer Meier (merchants with Bodenstede in Iceland) to Bremen: complaint about interference of Hamburg merchant Hans Gronewoldt, who is licensed with the harbour Reff, in the harbour Stappe, which belongs to Bodenstede, for the last three years.
Transcript available
1571, January 25
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complain about the use of the harbour Stappe in Iceland by a Hamburg merchant, who interferes with business of Bremen merchants in nearby Bodenstede, and asks the king to prevent this.
Transcript available
1571, October 25
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Claus Lude from Bremen to trade with the harbour Grindewick in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1572, April 16
[Bremen]
Contract between Luder Wedeman, Johan Reineken, Luder Meyer, Hinrick Pundt, Marten Losekanne and Hinrick Osnabrugge, and skipper Bernd Losekanne, in which they form a trading company together to sail to Iceland, but promise to behave as ordinary sailors under Losekanne's command during the journey. Nine other persons are also part of the company but stay at home.
1573, October 7
Bremen
Gerd Hemeling to Bremen: repeated request for mediation with the Danish king about compensation of his ship and goods, which were taken from him in Shetland in 1567 by a Scottish man, who is now held captive in Bergen in Norway.
1573, October 8
Bremen
Bremen to King Frederick II of Denmark: repeated request on behalf of Gerdt Hemeling for compensation of his ship and goods, which were taken from him by a Scottish man in Shetland in 1567.
Transcript available
1575, March 25
[Bremen]
Verdict of Bremen city council in the conflict between Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne, in which Losekanne declares that he shall not trade in the same places as his former trading company, and will pay them ten gulden for his part in the company and because they have to find a new skipper.
Transcript available
1575, March 28
[Bremen]
Confirmation of the verdict of the Bremen city council in the conflict between Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne, in which it is decided that Losekanne shall be free to trade in Iceland, but not hinder his former trading partners in their harbour.
Transcript available
1575, April 7
[Bremen]
Schaffenradt, secretary in Bremen, declares that he has gone to Bernd Losekanne's house, where he has seen that his license to trade in Iceland has been torn to pieces and the royal seal has been removed. Losekanne declared that the license was issued in his name only, but Christoffer Meyer and others with whom he had a trading company, claimed that it was also valid for them.
Transcript available
1575, May 4
Bremen
The city council of Bremen confirms the testimony of Eler Brede and Ladewich Wickboldt, who state that 3 years earlier, they and their companions have sold their trading company (maschup) to skipper Johan Schullen and his companions, including all debts and credits, booths and boats in Shetland for 160 daler.
Transcript available
[1576, after February 13]
[Bremen]
Bernd Losekanne to [Bremen]: final plea against Christoffer Meyer, in which he explains that three of his trading partners mutinied against him in Iceland, and although he had the right as skipper to expel the mutineers from the company, they conspired against him, so that he was forced to leave the company and fit out a ship himself. That being the case, he has as much right as his former trading partners to use the harbour Ostforde, especially since the trade with Iceland has been freed from restrictions, but if they really insist on prohibiting him to use the Ostforde, they themselves are not welcome in Roderforde, the harbour he used last year.
Transcript available
1576, February 6
[Bremen]
Bernd Losekanne to [Bremen]: defense against accusations of Christoffer Meyer and his partners, that he has interfered with their business in Iceland, even though the Bremen city council forbade this a year earlier. Losekanne states that this is not the case, as Iceland is free to trade in for anyone, Icelanders are free to trade with many merchants, and he has only traded with people who were still indebted to him.
Transcript available
1576, February 13
[Bremen]
Christoffer Meyer to [Bremen]: answer and final plea to the defense of Bernd Losekanne, in which he states that Losekanne did indeed interfere with their business in Iceland, and lies by stating otherwise. Moreover, he tried to destroy evidence by tearing up the license for the harbour, traded with Icelanders which were indebted to Meyer, and told them that Meyer was attacked by English pirates and would not come to Iceland.
1576, February 21
Stade
Stade to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for his help in acquiring a royal Danish license to sail to Iceland this year, on behalf of some of their citizens.
Transcript available
1576, October 28
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request to renew the license to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland. The license was formerly given to Bernd Losekanne, and should now be transferred to Christoffer Meyer.
Transcript available
[1576, ca. October 28]
[Bremen]
Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: request for mediation with the Danish king to transfer and extend the license to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, which was previously given to Bernd Losekanne, to Christoffer Meyer.
1576, December 23
Stade
Stade merchants with Iceland to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for his help in acquiring licenses to use the harbours Patersforde, Tolkesforde, Bidalsforde, Durforde, and Iseforde in Iceland, and other harbours except for Haneforde, Wapenforde, Stappe and Reff, which are already licensed to others.
1577, February 26
Stade
Stade to king Frederick II of Denmark: request to sail to Iceland on behalf of Heinrich Michaels and Luder Vake.
Transcript available
1577, March 19
Hamburg
Jurgen Timme to Bremen: complaint against the skipper Rolof Gerdes, who was supposed to sail from Hamburg to Iceland with commodities from Holstein and Denmark. Gerdes later changed his mind, although Timme had already bought many commodities, and now asks for compensation.
1577, April 6
Buxtehude
Buxtehude to king Frederick II of Denmark: request permission to sail to Iceland, on behalf of their citizens, who have already fitted out a ship and swear that they will not bring goods from Hamburg to Iceland.
1577, April 17
Buxtehude
Buxtehude to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: request mediation with the Danish king for permission to sail to Iceland, on behalf of their citizens, who have already fitted out a ship and have before traded there freely, but are now required to apply for a license.
1577, May 3
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark declares, that he has renewed the license for the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, which was given to Bernd Losekanne before but who has misbehaved, on behalf of Bremen merchant Christoffer Meyer.
Transcript available
1577, June 3
[Hamburg]
Merchants sailing to Iceland to Hamburg: complain about the quarrel between the Danish king and Hamburg, which has led to a prohibition to sail to Iceland, where they still have many outstanding debts, and now their fellow merchants are moving to other cities and sailing from there, much to their own and the city's damage. Therefore, it is asked that the council will do its best to restore the former situation.
1577, August 5
Buxtehude
Buxtehude to the Danish council of the Realm: asks with the help of Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter, that if any harbours will become available in Iceland in the future, if they can be used by Buxtehude citizens.
1577, September 28
Gottorp
Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp to king Frederick II of Denmark: states how he had sailed to Iceland the year before, but was forbidden to do so this year, and therefore almost ran out of stockfish. As merchants from Bremen and Stade have gotten licenses, he requests one for a harbour in Southern Iceland as well.
Transcript available
1578
[Bremen]
Clawes Monnickhusen declares that he has borrowed 12 daler from Karsten Meyer to freight Johan Munsterman's ship to Iceland, and will repay Meyer with a barrel of train oil when the ship returns.
Transcript available
1578, January 20
Stade
Stade merchants with Iceland to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: relate how they requested a license for the harbours Iseforde and Patersforde in Iceland, but the latter was confused with Alteforde. When they arrived in Iceland with two ships, they were not allowed in the Patersforde. Therefore, intercession with the king is asked to correct this.
Transcript available
1578, March 11
Bremen
The judges of the imperial lower court of Bremen declare, that Erikur Arnason from Iceland has appeared before them and complained about a number of stockfish he sold to Heine Ratkens, of which 500 were sold in Bremen, and the rest Ratkens left in Iceland.
Transcript available
1578, March 23
[Bremen]
Clawes Monnickhusen declares that he has lent 15 mark from Karsten Meyer to freight Johan Munsterman's ship to Iceland, and will repay Meyer with 500 pounds of Icelandic stockfish when the ship returns.
Transcript available
1579, February 9
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II: request for permission for Johan Munsterman's widow to use the harbours Kummerwage and Neswage in Iceland, which her deceased husband had used before, but had shipwrecked twice.
Transcript available
1579, April 7
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: complaint on behalf of Christoffer Meyger, who has used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for many years, that merchants from Hamburg have also used the harbour in the previous two years, hindering Meyer's business. Therefore, it is asked to stop this.
Transcript available
1580, January 23
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: complaint against Simon Schmidt and Matthias Eggers, who have interfered for three years in the business of Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, although both men have used that harbour for a long time.
Transcript available
1580, January 25
[Hamburg]
Matthias Eggers to Hamburg: states that he and his predecessors have rightfully used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for more than forty years, and that the Bremen merchants Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer therefore have no right to claim the use of the harbour for themselves.
Transcript available
1580, January 30
Hamburg
Hamburg to Bremen: states that the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, the use of which is claimed by the Bremen merchants Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer, has been rightfully used by the Hamburg merchants Simon Schmidt and Matthias Eggers.
Transcript available
1580, February 15
[Bremen]
Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: in answer to the statement of Matthias Eggers from Hamburg that he and his predecessors have used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for many years, they claim that he is lying, and that they have the full right to use the harbour, as they have done for about eighty years before.
Transcript available
1580, February 18
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: in response to the defense of Matthias Eggers concerning his illegal use of the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, the Bremen merchants (Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer) have and have had a license for Ostforde for many years, and Eggers has a license for another harbour, called Wapenforde, and therefore has no right to use the Ostforde.
Transcript available
1580, February 27
[Hamburg]
Matthias Eggers to Hamburg: in answer to the complaint from Bremen that Matthias Eggers has no right to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, Eggers states that he does have permission to sail to Iceland, and is therefore also free to use this specific harbour. As the authority over Iceland belongs to the Danish king and not to Bremen, they should go to the governour in Iceland if they don't agree with this.
Transcript available
1580, February 29
Hamburg
Hamburg to Bremen: in reaction to the complaints of Bernd Losekanne and his companions, Matthias Eggers and his companions does have the official permission of the Danish king to sail to Iceland, and that the merchants from Bremen should go to the royal authorities in Iceland if they don't agree with that.
Transcript available
1580, March 8
Bremen
Berndt Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: answer to the letter from Matthias Eggers, who claimed that the Hamburg merchants held a license to trade in Iceland. The Bremen merchants claim that it is unnecessary to plea this case at the royal Danish governour in Iceland, and that the Hamburg merchants did not get their license from the king, but from an Icelander named Erikur Arnason.
Transcript available
1580, March 10
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: reaction to the statement of Matthias Eggers, who claimed to have a special license for Iceland, and therefore his presence in the harbour Ostforde, to the detriment of Bremen merchants there, who have a license for the harbour, in which the long tradition of Bremen merchants in Ostforde is emphasised, and it is requested to respect their exclusive use of the mentioned harbour.
Transcript available
1580, April 6
[Oldenburg?]
Joachim Kolling to count John VII of Oldenburg: states that he has prepared a ship to sail to Kummerwage in Iceland, freighted it for the value of 1500 daler, and hired a crew and a skipper from Bremen, Roleff Gerdes, who also owns part of the ship. However, the Bremen city council forbade the latter to sail with him. Kolling argues that Bremen had no right to do this, and requests free passage and freedom of operation.
Transcript available
1580, April 8
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to Bremen: request to grant Joachim Kolling, from the land of Jever, free passage and to not hinder him in his plans to sail to Iceland.
1580, April 12
[Bremen]
The widow and companions of the deceased Johan Munsterman to Bremen: state that Joachim Kolling has acquired a license for the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland by exploiting their bad luck, since they have lost a ship three times, and therefore were not able to visit the harbour in the last three years, although they have sailed there for over 100 years, and that therefore Kolling has no right to trade there.
Transcript available
1580, April 14
Bremen
Bremen to Count John VII of Oldenburg: relate how the deceased Johan Munsterman, who has used the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland for many years, has suffered great damage, and if the king had known this at the time, he would never have issued a new license to Joachim Kolling, who is now complaining about hindrance of Bremen in his plans to sail there. Therefore, it is asked that the use of the harbour is left to Munsterman's widow and companions, who are in great distress.
Transcript available
1580, July 10
Staðastað
Governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland to Bremen: requests to allow Roleff Gerdes to sail to Iceland, who was forbidden by the city council to sail to the harbour Kummerwage for his brother-in-law Joachim Kolling. As Kolling has a license to use this harbour, Roleff Gerdes has every right to sail for him. Moreover, the deceased Johan Munsterman is still indebted to Jacob Petersonn.
Transcript available
1580, August 13
[Bremen]
Bremen to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: request for mediation with the Danish king to acquire licenses for Reff and Neswage in Iceland, on behalf of Johan Werenberg and Evert Hoveman, as the Bremen merchants have lost almost all their harbours to Hamburg, and have suffered greatly from wars in the last years.
Transcript available
1580, September 1
[Bremen]
Notary Conradus Mimehsen states, that Joachim Kolling has told that he has taken a letter by Heine Ratken from the house of his brother-in-law Roleff Gerdes and took it to the governour in Iceland.
Transcript available
1580, November 24
Hooksiel
Joachim Kolling to Roleff Gerdes: if Heine Ratken, who complained about 1000 gulden damage, has a problem with Kolling, he should sue him and not Gerdes, as he has done twice. Moreover, he has brought Ratken's letter to the governour of Iceland.
Transcript available
1580, December 1
Bremen
Johan Munsterman's widow and companions to Bremen: complain about how after the death of Johan Munsterman, Joachim Kolling from Jever has taken over the trade with the harbour Kummerwage, and asks that the king will forbid him this.
Transcript available
1580, December 3
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: the widow and companions of the deceased Johan Munsterman have complained about Joachim Kolling from Jever, who has acquired a license for the harbour Kummerwage under false pretenses, because Munsterman, who had used the harbour before, had shipwrecked. Therefore, it is requested to return the license to Munsterman's heirs.
Transcript available
1581, March 16
Bremen
Bremen to Johan Bockholt, governour in Iceland: a letter from Heine Ratken to his wife, in which he slandered about Bockholt, was given to Roleff Gerdes to deliver, who withheld it. As the letter has come to Bockholt's attention, he should be aware of the fact that it was destined for Ratken's wife only, and therefore, it is asked that he allows Ratken to move and trade freely like before.
Transcript available
1581, October 14
Clawes Stein to archbishop Henry III of Bremen: request for intercession with the Danish king in acquiring a license for thirty years for the harbour Schagevorde in the North, or Bereforde in the East of Iceland, which are currently not in use.
1581, October 21
Neuhaus
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for a license to use a certain harbour in Iceland on behalf of Clawes Stein from Bremen.
Transcript available
1582
[Bremen]
Luder Brummer confesses, that he has borrowed 20 daler from Magnus Schlepen to trade in Shetland on Jacob Meyer's ship, for which Schlepen shall receive 25 daler upon successful return.
1582, January 18
Bremen
Heinrich Salomon, Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: ask for help in protection against Hamburg competitors in the harbours Ost- and Horneforde, for which they have a license from the king.
1582, February 1
Bremen
Heinrich Salomon, Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne to Bremen: complaint about the interference of Hamburg merchants in their business in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, for which they have a license.
1582, February 2
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about interference of Hamburg merchants in the harbours Ost- and Horneforde and other places in Iceland, and ask the king to prevent this.
1582, February 13
Bremen
Hinrich Salomon, Dietrich Vasmer, and Evert Hoveman to king Frederick II of Denmark: complain about interference of Oldenburg and Hamburg in the harbour Neswage in Iceland, and ask for protection of their rights there.
1582, February 26
Fürstenau
Prince- archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: requests to prohibit Hamburg merchants to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, which they do in spite of the license that Bremen merchants Christoffer Meyer, Johan Wiggers, and Bernd Losekanne have for the place.
Transcript available
1582, March 24
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: request to stop interference by Hamburg merchants in the business of Bremen merchants Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne in the harbour Ost- and Horneforde, as the king of Denmark has already written him.
Transcript available
1582, April 6
Klingstrup
Governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland to Bremen: requests to provide the names of the Hamburg merchants who have been hindering Bremen merchants in the Ost- and Horneforde before the ships to Iceland leave, otherwise he cannot help them to prevent this illegal behaviour.
Transcript available
1582, April 6
Klingstrup
Governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland to Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne: thanks them for the salmon they sent him, and requests them to provide the names of the Hamburg merchants who used the harbour Ostforde illegally, so he can forbid them to use that harbour.
Transcript available
1582, May 14
[Bremen]
Luder Brummer confesses, that he has borrowed 60 daler from Cordt Wachman to trade in Shetland on Jacob Meyer's ship, for which Wachman shall receive 75 daler upon successful return.
Transcript available
1583
[Bremen]
Luder Brummer confesses, that he has borrowed 16 daler from Syvert Otken to trade in Shetland on Segebad Detken's ship, for which Otken shall receive 16 daler upon successful return.
Transcript available
[1583, February]
[Klingstrup]
[Governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland to Hamburg]: explains how he has forbidden Hamburg merchants Simon Schmidt, Matthias Eggers, Jochim Focke and Jochim Warneke to use the harbours Ost- and Horneforde, after complaints of Bremen merchants Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer. However, they have traded there nevertheless, and therefore he asks again to prevent them from using the mentioned harbours.
Transcript available
1583, February 10
Klingstrup
Johan Bockholt to Friederich Koster in Bremen: writes that he has received a letter from Hamburg, in which they state that Hamburg merchants have a license for the contested harbour in Iceland [Ostforde] as well, and therefore asks both parties to appear at the next Althing, so a solution can be found.
Transcript available
1583, February 28
[Bremen]
[Bremen] to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: write how they are surprised that he asked the Hamburg and Bremen merchants who have a conflict about the harbour Ostforde to come to Althing this year to solve the matter, and ask again to forbid the Hamburg merchants to sail there, otherwise they will complain to the king of Denmark.
Transcript available
1583, March 23
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: explain that Joachim Kolling has borrowed money from Luder Ottersen from Lübeck, and appointed Kolling's brother in law Roleff Gerdes as warrantor in 1579. Now Kolling has not paid, Gerdes claims that he is not liable because two new warrantors from Hamburg were appointed in 1581. Bockholt is asked to confirm this story.
Transcript available
1583, April 17
Copenhagen
Johan Bockholt to Bremen: confirms the story that merchants Hans Vos and Joachim Meinsen from Hamburg were appointed in Iceland as warrantors for Joachim Kolling because of a debt he had from Luder Ottersen, and that therefore Rolof Gerdes, who was appointed as warrantor before, is not liable in this case.
Transcript available
158[3], April 23
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: in response to the information that Hamburg merchants claim to have a license for the harbour Ostforde as well, it is asked to see that Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne's right to use the harbour is safeguarded, and that they will not have a reason to complain to the king.
Transcript available
1583, June 12
Bremervörde
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for a license to use the harbour Reff in Iceland to supply his court with stockfish, or another harbour if that one has already been given to someone else.
Transcript available
1583, June 21
Haderslev
King Frederick II of Denmark to Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: in answer to Henry's request for a license for a harbour on Iceland, the king reports that all harbours in Iceland have already been given to others. Should a harbour become available, however, the archbishop is welcome to use it.
1583, September 6
Bremervörde
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: reminds him that he promised to see if the harbour Reff in Iceland was available, and if not if the king can grant permission to use Neswage in the meantime, until Reff becomes available.
Transcript available
1583, September 27
Bremen
Johan Koster and Evert Hoveman to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: complain that merchants from Bremen were driven from Kummerwage by Oldenburg merchants after the shipwreck of Johan Munsterman and by Hamburg merchants from other harbours. Last year the Bremen skipper Dirick Vasmer, who was on his way to Neswage, suffered damage to his ship and had to return to Bremen, and therefore it is feared that other merchants will use this opportunity to take over this harbour as well. Therefore, the bishop is asked to mediate at the Danish court to secure Neswage for Bremen.
Transcript available
1583, October 24
Dringenberg
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen to Bremen chancellor Christof Schiffer: in answer to the request of Bremen to ask for a license of the Danish king to use the harbour Neswage, the archbishop reports that he has not received answer to an earlier request of other Bremen merchants yet, and recommends to await that answer first.
Transcript available
1584
Copenhagen
Overview of the harbours in Iceland in use in the years 1584-1592.
Transcript available
1584, April 22
Bremervörde
Prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: after the previous request to use the harbour Reff in Iceland was rejected by the king because there were no available harbours in Iceland, the archbishop has received news that the harbour is not currently in use and asks permission again to use the mentioned harbour for ten years.
Transcript available
1584, May 3
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: in answer to the request of Heinrich to use the harbour Reff in Iceland, the king reports that it is in use by someone else, but that he will issue a license for the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde.
Transcript available
1584, May 3
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits archbishop Heinrich III of Bremen to trade in the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde in Iceland until further notice, in order to import dried fish, on the condition that his merchants will trade high-quality commodities and do not deceive customers with false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1585, February 3
[Bremen]
Verdict of Bremen city council in the conflict between Christoffer Meyer, Johan Koster and Bruning Nagel about the use of the harbour Neswage in Iceland, in which it is ordained that Nagel, Meyer and Koster will sail there together, whereby Nagel will have a sixth part of the ship, and that they will use the said harbour together with Grundeforde. Next year, they will have to form a company (maschup) together and use a bigger ship.
1585, February 13
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to the Danish king: Joachim Kolling, who had the license for the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, has proved to be unreliable. Therefore, the count requests a renewal for the harbour on his own name, including the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde, as well as a prohibition for the Bremen skipper Bruning Nagel, who sailed for the archbishop of Bremen to both harbours.
Transcript available
1585-1586
[Oldenburg]
Account book of the Oldenburg merchants trading with Iceland, containing a list of collected capital from the shipowners and merchants, directions and expenses for brewing beer, and hire amounts for the crew. Four loose leaves contain older accounts, among others for the purchase and equipment of a ship.
1585, March 18
Kronborg
King Frederik II of Denmark to count John VII of Oldenburg: the request for prolonged use of the harbour Kummerwage is granted. The harbours Neswage and Grundeforde, however, have already been given to the archbishop of Bremen, but will be given to Oldenburg when they will become available.
Transcript available
1585, August 16
[Bremen]
Dirick Wencken's widow and others's answer state how they have the right to receive the money that the deceased Luder Brummer still owes them from his sold property, and that they have a testimony written by Brummer's son in Shetland on Segebad Detken's ship, when his father was already too weak to do this.
1585, August 16
Jever
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: answer to the license for the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde, which the count has gladly received, and the state of his relations with the Bremen cathedral chapter, which is electing a new bishop.
Transcript available
1585, November 22
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about the many hindrances of the Bremen trade with Iceland and request for a license to use the harbours Neswage and Grundeforde on behalf of Christoffer Meyer and Johan Koster.
Transcript available
1585, November 24
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark confirms the rights of the Hamburg merchants in Iceland according to the resolutions of Copenhagen in 1562, and Flensburg in 1579, in which they are forbidden to trade with sulfur, are obliged to acquire a written license from the king, and have to allow others to trade there as well.
Transcript available
1586
List of harbours in Iceland for which licenses have been issued to merchants from Stade, Bremen, Wilster and Oldenburg, in the years 1576-1585.
Transcript available
1586
Notes about two issued licenses in Iceland: of Botsand and Dureshave to citizens from Wilster, 1584, and Neswage and Grundeforde to the count of Oldenburg, 1585.
Transcript available
1587, November 29
London
Elderman Moritz Zimmerman of the London Steelyard to Bremen: has found out that the ship that was attacked by English pirates near Shetland while on the way to Iceland, is lying at the Isle of Man, most of the goods sold, and that attempts to retrieve it will cost a lot of money and trouble.
Transcript available
1587, December
Bremen
Johan Hudeman and Evert Schroder to Bremen: state that they have sailed to the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland for a long time, and acquired a license in 1586. On the way back, their ship has been attacked by English pirates, who left them naked on Shetland, and also robbed them of their license. Therefore, they request intercession in acquiring a new one from the Danish king.
1587, December 20
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for a new license for the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland on behalf of Johan Hudeman and Evert Schroder, because the old license was lost when their ship was attacked by English pirates.
Transcript available
1587, December 31
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: describe how a ship coming back from Iceland to Bremen, which among others had stockfish on board destined for the king, was attacked by English pirates near Shetland. Now it has become clear that the ship is on the Isle of Man, support of the king is requested in retrieving it.
1588, January 3
Anonymous to king Frederick II of Denmark: Claus Jacobsen from Flensburg has asked for a license for Wapenforde, which is currently in use by Paul Lindeman from Hamburg, but the king would be better off giving it to his own subject. Furthermore, Hamburg merchants are hindering Bremen merchants in two harbours, and are trying to establish a monopoly on trading in Iceland.
1588, February 27
Bremen
Bremen to queen Elizabeth I of England: relate how the ship of Everdt Schroder, Friedrich Koster and Johan Hudeman was captured by English pirates near Shetland when they were returning from Iceland, with among others fish for the Danish king on board. Now it has become known that the ship has been brought to the Isle of Man, the queen is asked for help in retrieving it.
1588, May 24
Hamburg
Herman Moller to Hans Meyer: asks for help in acquiring a license for two harbours in Iceland, Bredeforde (formerly in use by Marten Losekanne from Bremen), and Wapenforde, in use by Paul Lindeman from Hamburg.
Transcript available
1589
Bremen
Bremen secretary Daniel Bisterfeldt to the Danish Council of the Realm: list of four harbours in Iceland for which licenses should be renewed or requested on behalf of Bremen merchants, namely: Ostforde on behalf of Martin Losekanne, Bodenstede for Johan Hudeman, Flatto for Carsten Bake, and Wattlose for Johan Schroder.
1589, May
Hamburg
Peter Lutkens, Peter Kruse and Paul Cordes to Hamburg: a previous request for a license for the harbour Bereforde in Iceland was not granted, because the Council of the Realm did not meet. Now the license is requested again, including an extension to the neighbouring harbour Dupwage, which has been used by Bremen merchants.
1589, July 4
Hamburg
Peter Lutkens, Paul Cordes, and Peter Kruse to Hamburg: as their request for a license for the harbour Bernforde in Iceland was declined because it was already given to another Hamburg merchant, they now request a license for Flatto in Bardestrandssyssel, which has been used since 1586 by Carsten Bake from Bremen, but has now become free.
Transcript available
1589, September 6
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Iceland to Otto von Duringen, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: request for mediation with the Danish king for renewal of the licenses to use the harbours Ostforde, Bodenstede, Flatto, and Watlose, if possible for eight years. The previous licenses were given by the deceased king Frederik II for four years in 1586.
1589, September 6
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Iceland to Bremen: request for mediation in renewing their licenses for Icelandic harbours: Marten Losekanne in Ostforde, Johan Hudeman in Bodenstede, Carsten Bake in Flatto, and Johan Schroder in Wattlose, plus a license for Neswage on behalf of Evert Hoveman, which is currently owned by Oldenburg but where there has not been a ship last year.
1589, September 7
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the licenses for Bremen citizens, which were issued by Frederick II, and which have ended in this year, and also for the harbour Neswage, which is in use by Oldenburg.
1589, September 12
Eutin
Prince-archbishop John Adolf of Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Flatto in Iceland on behalf of Carsten Bake from Bremen.
1589, September 15
Eutin
Prince-archbishop John Adolf of Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of licenses for the harbours Ostforde, Bodenstede, Flatto and Watlose in Iceland on behalf of Marten Losekanne, Johan Hudeman, Johan Schroder and Carsten Bake from Bremen, as well as a new license for the harbour Neswage on behalf of Everdt Hoveman.
1589, September 26
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Martin Losekanne from Bremen to trade with the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1589, September 28
Copenhagen
Pall Jonsson declares, that he did not act illegally, when he imported and exported commodities in Flatey, and promises to trade in Flatey honestly and with commodities of high quality during the next four years, in cooperation with his trading partner Björn Jonsson in Bremen.
1590
Berufjörður
Erik Jakopsen declares that he was sent to Ostforde by governour Lorentz Kruse, and has heard there that the Bremen merchants have always traded honestly in Fulewick.
1590, January 2
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish Council of the Realm: request for a prolongation of the license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Lindeman, who has sailed to the harbour for 25 years, but now the license has been mistakingly given to Bremen merchant Marten Losekanne, who has always traded in Bredeforde in the same district.
Transcript available
1590, January 17
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: in answer to a complaint from Hamburg merchant Daniel Elers, who has a license for the harbour Bernforde in Iceland, it is claimed that Bremen merchants also have a valid license for the harbour, and have sailed there for many decades.
Transcript available
1590, February 28
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to change the license of Marten Losekanne for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland to Ostforde. It is claimed that a mistake was made in the license, as Losekanne and his predecessors have used the Ostforde for 80 years, whereas Wapenforde has been in use by Hamburg merchant Paul Lindeman for 20 years.
1590, April 12
Kronborg
The German chancery of Denmark confirms having received a letter from Bremen, in which it is requested to change the license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland to Ostforde, on behalf of Marten Losekanne.
1590, May 26
Fýluvogur
Bailiff Björn Gunnarson of Múlasýsla declares, that merchant Marten Losekanne and skipper Johan Oldenbuttel have always traded honestly in Fulewick, and bring better merchandise than the Hamburg merchants. Also confirmed by Torder Bernson, Jon Bernson, and priest Siguardus Arnoldi.
1590, August 12
Fýluvogur
Priest Arni Magnusson declares that merchant Marten Losekanne and skipper Johan Oldenbuttel and their predecessors have traded in Fulewick for 80 years, always honestly, and have brought better goods than the merchants from Hamburg.
1590, August 20
Fýluvogur
Priest Einer Magnusson declares that merchant Martenn Losekanne and skipper Johan Oldenbuttel and their predecessors have traded 80 years long in Fuluwick, always honestly, and better than the merchants from Hamburg.
1590, August 27
Fýluvogur
Priest Jon Þorvardsson from Altefjord in Ostforde declares that merchants from Bremen have always traded honestly in Fuluwick for 80 years, and wishes that they will not be expelled by Hamburg merchants, whose goods are more expensive.
1590, August 29
Fýluvogur
Priest Þorvardur Magnusson declares, that merchant Marten Losekanne and skipper Johan Oldenbuttel from Bremen have traded for 80 years in Fulewick, honestly and with good commodities.
1590, October 14
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: repeated request to change the name for the license of Wapenforde in Iceland to Ostforde, on behalf of Martin Losekanne. Also a new request for a license for Klevesohe in Lon on behalf of Friedrich Tilebare. The harbour has not been used before, but its inhabitants have been trading with the Bremen merchants in Ostforde.
1590, November 3
Kolding
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Martin Losekanne from Bremen to trade with the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for four years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, November 4
Kolding
Johan Oldenbuttel from Bremen declares on behalf of Friedrich Tilebare, who has a license for the harbour Klevesohe in Lon in Iceland for four years, that the license will become invalid if it is given to someone else.
1590, November 5
Copenhagen
Excerpt of Marten Losekanne's license for Ostforde in Iceland, with notes about the license of Daniel Elers for Bernforde.
Transcript available
1590, December 3
Bremen
Testimonies of four old Bremen men Jost Brockman, Bernd Losekanne, Christoffer Meyer and Luder Wedeman, who appeared before the city council by request of Marten Losekanne, and testify that they have all sailed to the harbour called Ostforde in Iceland for many decades.
Transcript available
1591
Bremen
Summary of the petitions and complaints of Hamburg and Bremen merchants regarding the conflict between Daniel Elers from Hamburg and Marten Losekanne from Bremen about the harbours Ostforde and Bernforde in Iceland.
1591
Bremen
Secretary Daniel Bisterfeldt from Bremen states his arguments to prove that the harbours Ostforde in Iceland, used by Bremen merchants, and Bernforde, used by Hamburg merchants, are in fact the same harbour.
1591
Hamburg
Daniel Elers to the Danish council of the Realm: complains about how he received a license for the harbour Bernforde in Iceland, but was hindered by Bremen merchant Marten Losekanne, who acquired a license for Wapenforde, but changed the name to Ostforde, which he claims to be the same harbour as Bernforde.
Transcript available
1591
Iceland
Testimonies of Icelanders Halgrimur Niklasson, who claims that his father was bailiff in Ostfordsyssel and has never heard of a harbour called Ostforde, and Torsten Tusteson, who claims that when he was in the region, he heard that Bremen merchants were trading in Dupwage in Bernforde.
1591, May 7
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Bremen: states that Daniel Elers from Hamburg and governour Lorentz Kruse on Iceland have come to him and complained about the presence of Marten Losekanne from Bremen in Elers's harbour in Iceland, and asks Losekanne therefore to refrain from further use of the harbour.
1591, July-August
Berufjörður
Icelandic priests Einar Sigurdsson, Einar Magnusson, Jon Þorvardsson, Þorvardur Magnusson, Jon Magnusson, Þorkel Arnason and Arne Olafsson testify that the harbour that is used by Marten Losekanne from Bremen and Daniel Elers from Hamburg is called Berufjörður.
1591, July 9
Wolfenbüttel
Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick-Lüneburg to the Danish Council of the Realm: request for a license for the harbour Stappe in Iceland, on behalf of his factor Detmar Kenckel in Bremen.
1591, August 11/12
Berufjörður/Þingmúli
Priests Snorri Hallsson and Arni Olafsson testify, that they have never heard other than that the harbour which is in use by Marten Losekanne from Bremen is called Djupavogur, and that they have never heard that it is also called Fulavik before last summer.
Transcript available
1591, August 19
Slétta (Reyðarfjörður)
Kietill Sveinsson declares that the Bremen merchants in Ostforde have behaved themselves very well and wishes for their license to be continued, and that Dupwage is located opposite Fulewick.
Transcript available
1591, August 21
Eyjólfsstaðir
Biorn Gunnarsson declares that the Bremen merchants who have trade in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for 80 years have behaved themselves very well, and wishes that their license may be continued, and that Dupwage is located opposite Fulewick.
Transcript available
1591, August 21
Vík (Fáskrúðsfjörður)
Jon Jonson, elderman in Foschesvorde, declares that the Bremen merchants have always behaved well and peacefully in Fulewick in Iceland, and helped the local people, and therefore would like them to stay.
Transcript available
1591, August 24
Fýluvogur
Priest Einar Magnusson repeatedly declares that Bremen merchants Marten Losekanne and Johan Oldenbuttel have behaved themselves very well in Fulewick in Iceland, have sold better merchandise than Hamburg merchants, and help the local people by bringing them fishing boats and timber for maintenance of the churches.
Transcript available
1591, August 25
Geithellar
Bailiffs Elendur Magnusson, Bryniolfur Jonson and Gudmundur Eyolfson declare that Bremen merchants in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland sell better commodities than Hamburg merchants and help the local people.
Transcript available
1591, August 26
Vík (Fáskrúðsfjörður)
Jon Einarsson, elderman in Foschesvorde, confesses that during his entire life, Bremen merchants have sailed to Fulewick and behaved themselves well, and that it would be to the disadvantage of the poor people if they would not come anymore.
Transcript available
1591, September 7
Bremen
Dietmar Kenckel to Bremen: request to use the harbour Stappe in Iceland, for which a license was previously held by his father Dietmar Kenckel, and later by Hamburg merchants, whose license has now ended.
1591, September 11
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Stappe in Iceland on behalf of Dietmar Kenckel, which was held before by his father.
Transcript available
1591, after September 29
Cordt Walleman to king Christian IV of Denmark: said that he went to Copenhagen to bring the request of Dietmar Kenckel, the factor of Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick-Lüneburg, to use the harbour Stappe, to the Council of the Realm. As it appeared that this harbour was already in use by someone else, Walleman requests a license for Durholmer in the east, which was never used by anyone, on Kenckels behalf.
1591, December
Gottorf
Prince-archbishop John Adolf of Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: asks on behalf of Bremen merchants to protect their interests in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland and to forbid the Hamburg merchants from sailing there.
Transcript available
1591, between December 12 and 29
Copenhagen
Representative of the Hamburg merchants with Bernforde to the Danish Council of the Realm: reply to complaints from the Bremen representative in the conflict about the use of the harbour Ostforde/Bernforde in Iceland, in which he states that although the Bremen merchants have a license for Ostforde, this refers to a quarter of the entire land and not to a specific harbour like Bernforde.
1591, December 5
Bremen
Marten Losekanne and Johan Oldenbuttel to prince-archbishop John Adolf of Bremen: complain that they have used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for over 80 years, and now Daniel Elers from Hamburg has received a license for the harbour Bernforde, which is in fact the same harbour, and ask for mediation at the Danish court.
1591, December 5
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: letter of consignment for secretary Daniel Bisterfeldt, who will come to discuss matters on behalf of the merchants with Iceland.
1591, December 20
Copenhagen
Daniel Elers and Hamburg merchants in Bernforde in Iceland to the Danish Council of the Realm: complaint about their fellow citizen Joachim Warneke, who traded illegally in Bernforde and bought train oil there. Therefore, their support in requested in acquiring compensation of the train oil.
1592, January 4
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Marten Losekanne from Bremen to trade with the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for four years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1592, May 19
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Johan Hudeman and Friederich Koster from Bremen to trade with the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1592, October 1
Visborg
Former governour Laurens Kruse of Iceland declares that Carsten Bake from Bremen has left the harbour Holm in Iceland to Luder Ottersen from Lübeck.
1592, December 8
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland on behalf of Jochim Focke, or a license for the harbour Rodeforde, because two Bremen merchants have interfered with his business on multiple occasions.
Transcript available
1592, December 31
Bremen
Carsten Bake to the Danish council of the Realm: describes the long tradition of his family of trading in Iceland, and complains about how he had to use different harbours all the time. Therefore, he requests a license for the harbours Neswage and Hellesandt.
Transcript available
1593
Johan Vogt to the Danish council of the Realm: request for a license for the harbour Holm in Iceland on behalf of his master Luder Ottersen. The license was since 1590 held by Carsten Bake from Bremen, who cooperated with Ottersen, and now a new license is requested for Ottersen himself.
1593, January 3
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbours Neswage and Kummerwage, which have not been used for two years, on behalf of Carsten Bake, who has traded in Iceland for a long time in different harbours, as well as his father.
Transcript available
1593, February 28
Bremen
Carsten Bake to the Danish Council of the Realm: states that they have promised him to grant him the right to fish and trade in winter and summer in the harbours Neswage and Kummerwage, on the condition of a letter of recommendation of the Bremen city council, and as that letter is now provided, asks them to hold this promise.
Transcript available
1593, February 28
Bremen
Carsten Bake to Bremen: describes how his father Vasmer Bake has been active in Iceland for many years, and himself has been trading in the harbours Neswage, Flatto and Holm, but lost them all to others, so that he still has many outstanding debts in various places, and therefore requests the use of Neswage and Kummerwage, which have remained unused for two years.
1593, April 27
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Carsten Bake from Bremen to trade with the harbours Neswage and Lando in Iceland for three years. After expiration of the license, the harbour will be given to the count of Oldenburg again.
Transcript available
1593, September 4
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a prolongation of the license for the harbour Flatto in Iceland, which was formerly given to Pall Jonsson for four years, on behalf of Bremen citizen Bernd Jonsson, who was born in Iceland.
1593, October 9
Kolding
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Berndt Jonson from Bremen to trade with the harbour Flatto in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights. In 1596, after Jonson's death, the harbour was given to Danish subjects.
Transcript available
1594, August 26
Anonymous complaint about interference of Bremen merchant Hans Honne in the harbours Kummerwage and Neswage in Iceland. When merchant Harmen Kloppenborg went to Neswage, he found their booths destroyed and burnt to the ground, the Bremen merchants claiming they had a royal license to use the harbour.
1594, August 27
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: complaint about interference of Bremen merchant Hans Honne in Neswage, where he supposedly destroyed the Oldenburg booths and built his own, and interfered with the trade of Oldenburg skipper Claus Koch when he arrived there. The first part of the letter concerns the Oldenburg possession of the land of Jever.
1594, August 27
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to Heinrich Ramel, Danish privy councillor: request for help in acquiring a renewal of the license to use the harbour Neswage and Kummerwage.
1594, October 22
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to the king Christian IV of Denmark: complaint about the license given by Carsten Bake to Bremen merchants for the harbour Neswage in Iceland for three years. Although the count has never officially asked for renewal of the Oldenburg license after the previous king's death, his merchants have always behaved themselves well, and he sees no reason to give the harbour to Bremen.
1594, November 20
Frederiksborg
King Christian IV of Denmark to count John VII of Oldenburg: the count should have been more concerned with the situation in Iceland in the past. Now the license for the harbour Neswage has been given to Bremen and cannot be made undone, but if the count will request a new license after the current license expires, the king will gladly grant it to him.
Transcript available
1595, July 25
Arnarstapi
Carsten Bake to Bremen: request for a prolongation of the license for the harbours Neswage and Lando on behalf of Friedrich Koster, who sailed for Bake to these harbours before. Moreover, Gerdt Dreyer is summoned to pay the money he still owes to Bake because of shipped goods, plus the tolls which he still owes to the former governour Hinrick Kracke. Finally, the new governour Brostrup Gedde demands a new letter of consignment from Bremen in order to retain his position as sysselman in Snæfellsnes.
1595, September 1
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for continuation of the license for the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland on behalf of Johan Hudeman and Cordt Walleman, which was formerly held by Hudeman and Friedrich Koster, but the latter is now sailing to Neswage, for which a continuation is requested as well.
1595, November 16
Bremen
Skipper Johan Oldenbuttel, Marten Losekanne, Johan Reineken's widow and children to Bremen: request for a prolongation of the four-year license for the harbour Ostforde in Iceland.
1595, December 2
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request a renewal of the license for the harbour Ostforde in Iceland on behalf of Johan Oldenbuttel, Marten Losekanne, and Johan Reineken's widow and children.
1596
Bremen
Hans Honne of Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: after he has requested a license for the harbour Flattoh in Iceland, which was refused because it was already given to citizens of Copenhagen, he now requests a license for Grindeforde or Landoh, which have not been used for fifteen years.
1596, January 2
Skanderborg
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Johan Oldenbuttel, Marten Losekanne (later changed to Johan and Friedrich Wilkens) and Johan Reineke's widow from Bremen to trade with the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for three years.
1596, January 14
Aarhus
Niels Busk to Fritz Pöner, toll collector in Rendsburg: mentions how he has talked to his son in Aarhus, who was interested in applying for a license for a harbour in Iceland, and that one harbour in the west has become free. As he already has a license for Ströme himself, he is not interested in it, but he has heard that men from Bremen have also applied for it. Therefore, Pöner's sons should apply immediately, as the Bremen men will receive an answer on February 14.
1596, February 19
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license to use the harbours Grundeforde, Kummerwage, and Neswage in Iceland, after the license for Neswage given to Bremen merchants by Carsten Bake expires.
1596, March 29
Frederiksborg
King Christian IV of Denmark to count John VII of Oldenburg: permits him to use the harbours Neswage and Kummerwage in Iceland, but not the harbour Grundeforde, as was requested, as this harbour was not used by Oldenburg before and has therefore been licensed to John Adolf, archbishop of Bremen.
1596, April 19
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: sends the king two horses, and thanks him for the license for the harbours Kummerwage and Neswage in Iceland, as well as for his help in the Oldenburg claims in Kniphausen, and expresses his regret in not acquiring a license for Grundeforde, which he has had before.
Transcript available
1597, before March 11
Oldenburg
[Oldenburg merchants with Iceland] to count John of Oldenburg: although Oldenburg merchants have used the harbours Neswage, Kummerwage, and Grundeforde with royal permission for years, Bremen merchants have started in the previous year 1596 to trade in the harbour Stickingsholm, which is just another name for Neswage and therefore illegal.
1597, March 11
Oldenburg
Count Johan of Oldenburg to Heinrich Ramel, royal Danish privy councillor: besides a request to buy corn in Denmark, the count complains about Bremen merchants in Iceland, who use the harbour Neswage under the name Stickingsholm with the support of sheriff Carsten Bake, damaging the Oldenburg trade there, and demands that the king forbids this.
1597, March 22
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to Christian Friese, Danish privy counselor: besides a request for the permission to buy rye in Denmark, the count complains about Bremen merchants, who use the harbour Neswage in Iceland under the name Stickingsholm with support of sheriff Carsten Bake, damaging the Oldenburg trade there, and asks for his help in negotiating the matter with the king.
1597, March 22
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: besides a request for permission to buy rye in Denmark, the count complains about Bremen merchants, who use the harbour Neswage in Iceland under the name Stickingsholm with support of governour Carsten Bake, damaging the Oldenburg trade there, and asks once again for royal support in the matter.
Transcript available
1597, April 4
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Bremen: request to stop using the harbour Stickingsholm and to return the license, which was issued to Heinrich Alberts and Albert Rote, but was acquired under false pretenses, as it appears to be a part of Neswage, for which count John of Oldenburg already holds a license.
1597, April 5
Copenhagen
Heinrich Ramel, royal Danish privy councillor, to count John VII of Oldenburg: sends two copies of the letter of the Danish king to Bremen, concerning the illegal use of the harbour Neswage, and declares his support in case of further problems in the future.
Transcript available
1597, April 18
Bremen
The city council of Bremen declares that they have read the letter from the Danish king, in which he orders them to return the license for the harbour Stickingsholm, and reply that they will discuss the matter with the involved merchants in Iceland, and formulate an answer.
1597, April 18
Kronborg
King Christian IV of Denmark to count John VII of Oldenburg: besides declaring that the prohibition on Danish export of rye will remain, he mentions to have sent the city council of Bremen a letter in which he asks them to stop their activities in the harbour Stickingsholm in Iceland, and to send back their license.
Transcript available
1597, April 20
Bremen
Gerdt Gerbade, Hinrich Albers and Albert Koster to Bremen: respond to the prohibition to sail to the harbour Stickingsholm in Iceland, for which they had received a license. Contrary to what the Oldenburg merchants claim, Stickingsholm is a different harbour from Neswage, and that the single ship of 35 last which the Oldenburg merchants use to sail to Iceland is not big enough to meet the demands of the locals. As they have already prepared their ships for this year's journey, they ask permission to use their rightful license at least for one more year.
1597, April 28
Oldenburg
Count Johan of Oldenburg to governor Brostrup Gedde of Iceland: sends him a copy of the letter of the Danish king to Bremen, in which he forbids them to use the harbour Stickingsholm in Iceland, and asks him to prevent Bremen merchants from doing so.
Transcript available
1597, September 3
Oldenburg
Harmen Kloppenburg reports that he was lucky to have arrived eight days before the Bremen merchants in Iceland, who nowadays buy all the fish in Grundeforde which used to be sold in Kummerwage. Moreover, sheriff Carsten Bake only accepted the tolls for Kummerwage and not for Neswage, which he had given to Bremen.
Transcript available
1597, November 2
Bremen
Luder Losekanne, Hinrich Albers and Berendt Egeler, merchants in Stickningsholm in Iceland, to Bremen: explain that they have collected testimonies from Icelanders last summer to prove that Stickningsholm and Neswage are two separate harbours, that the Oldenburg ship of 40 last is too small to meet the needs of the locals, and that they are selling bad flour mixed with clay. Therefore, they request the continued use of the harbour.
Transcript available
1597, November 5
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request prolonged use of the harbour Stickingsholm in Iceland, of which the Oldenburg merchants claim that it belongs to Neswage, but from the enclosed documents it can be shown that it is a different harbour, for which the single Oldenburg ship is moreover too small to meet the needs of the locals.
1598, January 10
Oldenburg
Oldenburg merchants with Iceland to [Bremen]: remind them about the letter of the Danish king, in which he prohibited Bremen merchants to use the harbour Stickingsholm, and of which they included a copy, and ask the merchants from Bremen to respect that prohibition.
1598, January 28
Viborg
Niels Busk to Augustus Erik, secretary of the German chancery of Denmark: writes that he and his shipowners want to keep the harbour Flatto in Iceland, which Frederick Leyel from Helsingør does not want to give up, and ask for information from a man from Bremen.
Transcript available
1598, August 19
Report of the hearing of witnesses in the case of shipowner and merchant Harmen Kloppenburg against the skipper Dirich Walleman, about a ship he had chartered Walleman to sail with to Iceland. Walleman is accused by Kloppenburg of having traded on his own account as well, and that a part of the fish got wet during transport.
1598, September 18
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the licenses for the harbour Stickingsholm in Iceland on behalf of Friederich Koster, and Bodenstede on behalf of Cordt Walleman, which they had received for three years in 1596.
1598, December 9
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, on behalf of Johan Oldenbuttel, Marten Losekanne, and Johann Reinekens widow.
1599, August 24
Skriðuklaustur
Jacob Winock, sheriff of Skriðuklaustur and Múlasýsla, to Augustinus Erich, secretary of the Danish German chancery: states how Jochim Focke has received a license for the harbour Horne- and Ostforde in Iceland, which is already in use by Friedrich Tilebare from Bremen. Therefore, the German chancery should inform about the matter.
1600, September 22
Oldenburg
Count John VII of Oldenburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a permission to use the harbour Stickingsholm in Iceland, now the Bremen license has expired, and request to send the licenses in threefold.
Transcript available
1600, December 30
Bremen
The city council of Bremen testifies, that Carsten Bake appeared before them and complained about how lawman Jon Jonsson in Snæfellsnes forced him to use a new weight which was lighter than the old one, and forbade him to ship commodities out of Iceland. Moreover, as many animals died in Iceland last year, this brought him great damage. The story is (partly) confirmed under oath by four other merchants with Iceland.
Transcript available
1601
Overview of the harbours in use in Iceland and in which year their licenses expire, 1601-1603.
1601, January 9
Bremen
Carsten Bake to Bremen: describes how he has gotten into a conflict with lawman Jon Jonsson in Iceland about unpaid debts and was expelled from the island with wife and children and not allowed to have his debts repaid. Therefore he asks to use the harbour Stappe for a number of years, to compensate his losses.
1601, January 29
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: state that Carsten Bake has gotten into a conflict with lawman Jon Jonsson in Iceland, and ask for a license for the harbour Stappe, to compensate his losses.
Transcript available
1601, July 18
Nyborg
King Christian IV of Denmark to Hamburg: replies to the request of Michael Betken to use the harbour Grindewick in Iceland, that after the current licenses have expired, merchants from Hamburg and Bremen are not allowed to trade there anymore.
Transcript available
1601, July 24
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Bremen: grants the right to trade in Iceland to merchants from Copenhagen and other surrounding cities, and forbids foreign merchants to trade there after their licenses have expired.
Transcript available
[1603, after October 3]
[Bremen]
Frederich Koster, Friedrich Tilebare and Cordt Walleman to Bremen: complain about the prohibition of the trade with Iceland by the Danish king, even though Bremen merchants have traded in Iceland for over hundred years. Moreover, the king could have let this be known earlier, so that they have time to collect their outstanding debts.
Transcript available
1601, November 15
Bremen
Instruction of the Bremen city council for Johan von Affelen, who is sent to the Danish court to discuss the prohibition of the Icelandic trade for foreign traders. Not only will the prohibition damage the Bremen merchants, who have traded in Iceland for as long as people remember, also it will be of disadvantage to the Icelanders. Therefore, it is asked to prolong the licenses for the three harbours served by Bremen, or at least to let them sail to these harbours until they have collected their outstanding debts.
Transcript available
1601, November 16
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: letter of consignment for Johan von Affelen, who is sent to the Danish court to discuss the prohibition of the Icelandic trade.
Transcript available
1603, April 14
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Bremen: orders all to finish their business and collect their outstanding debts on Iceland this year, as it will be the last year that foreign presence in Iceland is tolerated.
Transcript available
1603, May 1
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: draft for an answer to the king's final prohibition of the Icelandic trade, in which the support of the governour and the islanders is asked in reclaiming their last outstanding debts. The letter was never sent.
1603, September 23
Hamburg
Bernd Salfeld to Hamburg: complains about how he went to the harbour Reff in Iceland to pick up a load of stockfish which was traded by his brother David with consent of lawman Jon Jonsson, and which he couldn't take last year, but was accused by governour Ewalt Kruse that his license was expired, and his brother David had traded illegally in Reff, and his goods and booths were confiscated.
Transcript available
1610, September 28
Bremen
Bremen to duke John Adolf of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp: eight citizens have informed that two of their ships, one returning from Hamburg, the other from Shetland, have wrecked during a storm in the Elbe near Hadeln, whereby the goods on board were salvaged by inhabitants of Dithmarschen and Eiderstedt, and now ask for support in retrieving their goods from them.
1611, March 30
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants who used to trade in Iceland to [Hamburg]: relate how the Danish king has forbidden them to trade with Iceland in 1601, and even though they still had a license for two years for the harbour Haneforde, they were hindered by the Danes, which left them with many outstanding debts. Therefore, it is asked to negotiate with the king for restoration of the old situation.
Transcript available
1612, December 15
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Shetland to Bremen: complain about new tolls and customs imposed upon the merchants in Shetland, and ask for mediation with the English king to cancel these.
Transcript available
1613, February 25
Bremen
Bremen to king James of Great Britain: request to reduce the newly imposed customs and tolls on the trade with Shetland, by request of the Bremen merchants trading in Shetland.
Transcript available
1614, February 14
Bremen
Bremen to king James of Great Britain: repeated request to reduce the newly imposed tolls and customs on the Shetland trade on behalf of the Bremen merchants with Shetland, for which a request was already sent a year earlier but which was left unanswered.
Transcript available
1615, February 1
Bremen
Bremen to King James of Great Britain: repeated request for the reduction of newly imposed tolls and customs in the Bremen trade with Shetland.
Transcript available
1619, September 27
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Shetland to Bremen: after complaints of their customers that fish from Shetland is mixed with old detoriated fish, it is asked to appoint two supervisors with experience and knowledge about the Shetland trade, to check and mark the imported packed fish.
Transcript available
1619, September 30
[Bremen]
The city council of Bremen announces, that after complaints about the mixture of new fish from Shetland with old detoriated fish, no fish shall be sold from the city before it has been checked and marked by appointed supervisors, and 1,5 grote shall be paid for each barrel for this procedure.
Transcript available
1634, September 17
Bremen
Bremen to George Brust: concerning a shipment of salt by Bremen skipper Christian Bolcken.
Transcript available
1639, November 29
Hamburg
Discharge by Joshua Averie to Court Warnke of Bremen for 500 rix dollars which had been ordered to be paid to him by George Sinclair and Andro Smith, to the end that the same should be remitted to Scotland to Mr William Stirling.
Transcript available
Bremen
1640, March 18
Letter from Cordt Warneken to Mr William Stirling, Edinburgh, intimating that he has received 500 thalers worth of butter from George Sinclair of Rapnes in Orkney, and paid the money to Joshua Averie on 29 November 1639 at Hamburg; writer asks that the money may be paid to William Stirling; if the money has reached Scotland recipient was to pay it to William Dick or Peter Smith, brother of Andro Smith.
Transcript available
1640, May 8
Bremen
Bremen to Andres Brus and Nen Nyven, stewards of Unst and Yell in Shetland: request to hear witnesses in Shetland for testimonies in the court case of Segebad Detken and Marten Schnelle against Cordt and Henrich Warneken.
Transcript available
1640, December 23
Edinburgh
Obligation by Patrick Smyth of Braco to William Dick of Braid, anent a debt of 500 rix dollar owed by Court Warnekin from Bremen for a load of butter, who paid the sum to Joshua Averie in Hamburg, who was supposed to pay it via William Stirling to William Dick or Peter Smyth, but the money never arrived.
Transcript available
1649, May 12
Bremen
The imperial lower court in Bremen to Robert Douglas, earl of Morton: request to hear the Shetland priest Johan Edmesthun about his transactions with Bremen merchants Cordt Warneken and Jasper Stüving in Shetland, and provide testimony thereof to act as evidence in the court case between the two merchants.
Transcript available
1653, February 28
Bremen
Bremen to the States General of the Dutch Republic: request for free passage to Shetland for the two ships of Herman Deetken and Jasper Büsing, during the war with England.
Transcript available
1653, April 18
Bremen
The city council of Bremen declares that Herman Deetken will sail to Shetland and return in autumn with fish on board, and asks all to give him free and unhindered passage as a neutral person.
Transcript available
[1654]
Note of tolls and customs received from Hamburg and Bremen merchants in Shetland.
Transcript available
1659, October 6
Bremen
Herman Hausman and Henrich Eiling, councillors in Bremen, confirm that they have heard the testimonies of Herman Brunings, Gerdt and Segebad Detken, Herman Segelcken and Cort Lubbers, crew members on the ship of Herman Detken, about how they had to throw cargo overboard to save their ship in a storm on the return journey from Shetland. Also contains the testimony of Herman Detken himself.
Transcript available
1661, August 21
Unst
Quittance of David Murray for Bremen merchant Jasper Hackeman, for excise paid on salt which he imported to and used in Shetland.
Transcript available
1661, August 21
Unst
Quittance of David Murray for Bremen merchant Hinrich Lanckenaw, for excise paid on salt which he imported to and used in Shetland.
Transcript available
1661, August 31
Lunda Wick
Twelve nobles and churchmen in Unst, Shetland, confirm that Herman and Gerdt Detken and their predecessors, citizens from Bremen, have been honest and faithful merchants, and have supported the church and people of Shetland.
Transcript available
1661, November 12
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Shetland to Bremen: complaint about the unrightful collecting of excises on salt and beer, which is brought but not sold there, by Gideon and David Murray in Shetland, and request for mediation with the English king for compensation of the suffered losses and prevention of these excises in the future.
1661, November 20
Bremen
Bremen to king Charles II of Great Britain: relate how their citizens were treated unfairly in Shetland, and have ordered the Hanseatic consul in London, Jacob Jacobsen, to resolve this matter, to compensate their damage, and to make sure that it will not happen again in the future.
Transcript available
1662, March 14
London
Jacob Jacobsen, Hanseatic consul in London, to Bremen: writes that he will help to further the complaints of merchants in Shetland, and reports that he has received news that David Murray will be heard in parliament, and that further information will be brought by burgomaster Hinrich Meyer.
Transcript available
1666, August 29
Bremen
Excerpt from Peter Koster’s chronicle of Bremen, in which is described how on 29 August 1666 Bremen skipper Harmen Deetjen returned with his fully laden bojer from Shetland to Burhaver Siel, where his ship was taken by Swedish soldiers, who took it to Vegesack and confiscated the cargo.
Transcript available
1671, October 26
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Shetland to Bremen: complain about the recent rise in customs in Shetland, which makes the trade there unprofitable, and requests mediation with the Scottish Privy Council to abolish or reduce these customs.
Transcript available
[1671, between October 26 and November 1]
[Bremen]
Note about the political situation in Scotland, concerning Bremen trade interests in Shetland
Transcript available
1671, November 1
Bremen
Bremen to the Privy Council of Scotland: request to reduce the salt customs in Shetland on behalf of the Bremen merchants with Shetland, who have complained that the trade there has become unprofitable.
Transcript available
1679, December 16
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Shetland to Bremen: complain about a recent duplication of customs and taxes in Shetland, also for imports of products which they donot sell, and demand mediation with the parliament of Scotland for reduction of the customs.
Transcript available
1685
Bremen
Excerpt from Peter Koster’s chronicle of Bremen, in which is described how the merchants trading with Bergen expected five ships to return in November and December 1685, of which only one returned to Bremen, with much of its cargo having become wet, whereas two other ships wrecked in a heavy storm and the two remaining were wrecked in Shetland, from which the Bergen merchants suffered heavy losses amounting to 30 thousand Reichsthaler.
1704, April 3
Stade
Burgomaster and city council of Stade issue a sea pass for the hucker Hoffnung of 24 lasts, on behalf of skipper and owner Hinrich Gossman, for a journey from the Geeste near Carlsburg to Shetland with tobacco, corn brandy, salt, barrel hoops, rye meal, fishing gear such as hooks and lines, and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter and other merchandise; to be back in Bremen on 23 September 1704.
1704, April 4
Stade
Draft for a sea pass for the hucker Hoffnung of 24 lasts, on behalf of skipper and owner Hinrich Goesman, for a journey from the Geeste near Carlsburg to Shetland with tobacco, corn brandy, salt, barrel hoops, rye meal, fishing gear such as hooks and lines, and other commodities, and back with salted fish, butter and other merchandise; to be back in Bremen on 23 September 1704.
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