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Transcript available
1416, May 24 - August 3
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, in which the eldermen of the Bergen Kontor complain about German sailing to Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroes, after which the gathered envoys decide that this journey is forbidden.
Transcript available
[1470-1486]
[Lübeck]
Chronicle of Christian van Gheren, secretary of the Bergen merchants in Lübeck, which mentions among others the royal permission to sail to Iceland in 1468, and riots in Hamburg because of the trade with Iceland in 1483.
Transcript available
1473, September 1
Utrecht
Complaints of Holland against the Wendish cities during negotiations in Utrecht, among others that two years earlier merchants from Amsterdam sailed to Hafnarfjörður in Iceland, where they encountered English merchants who had confiscated a German ship and captured the crew, whereupon the Germans were freed and taken back to Amsterdam, but nevertheless Peter Peterszon, one of the Amsterdam merchants, was later captured in Hamburg and condemned to pay compensation to the city.
Transcript available
1476
Hamburg
Treasurer accounts (Kämmereirechnungen) of the city of Hamburg, containing revenues and expenses of the two ships Hispanigerd and Grote Marie, which were fitted out by the city in cooperation with Diderich Vriensteen to sail to Iceland.
Transcript available
[1477], February 14
Westminster
King Edward IV of England to Richard, Duke of Gloucester: states how merchants from Lübeck and Hamburg have complained that a Hamburg ship which was on its way from Iceland to London stranded near Hartlepool in Yorkshire, where it was robbed by English knights, and demands prosecution of the latter and compensation for the involved merchants.
Transcript available
1480, June 30
Lübeck
Lübeck to Rostock: answer to a letter about the request of Hamburg to receive Rostock barrels for brewing beer in the Kremper marsch for the export to Iceland, which was blocked by Lübeck coopers, as it is claimed that this beer would eventually be exported to Bergen, which would be unfair competition for Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund and Lübeck, and therefore the matter should be discussed at the next Diet.
Transcript available
1480, November 16
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of Wendish cities in Lübeck, where among others the use of Rostock barrels for the brewing of beer for the export to Iceland by Hamburg is discussed.
Transcript available
1481, September 12
Bergen
Norwegian Council of the Realm to Lübeck: cancels the permission that King Christian I of Norway gave to Hamburg merchants to visit Iceland, and demands that Icelandic commodities are traded via the Bergen staple again.
Transcript available
1482, April 21
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, in which the complaints of the Norwegian Council of the Realm and the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen about the Icelandic trade are discussed, and where it is decided that Hamburg shall not trade in Iceland anymore, with the exception of the ships that have already been prepared for the journey.
Transcript available
1484, March 11
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, in which the Bergen merchants complain about the Icelandic trade, whereby Hamburg merchants are sailing from other cities such as Wismar, upon which it is decided that this trade should end, and that letters should be sent to Bremen and Danzig to prevent ships from sailing to Iceland.
Transcript available
1485, May 21
London
King Richard III of England to Hamburg: relates how three English ships were attacked by Hamburg citizens in Iceland last year, and requests persecution of the perpetrators.
Transcript available
[1486, May 24 - June 20]
[Lübeck]
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, in which among others the representatives of the Bergen Kontor complain about the trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes, which damages their position, upon which the gathered representatives promise to refrain from this trade, except those from Danzig and Hamburg, who claim not to have permission to decide in this matter.
Transcript available
1489, February 11
Lübeck
Lübeck to Wismar: answer to a request about a holk which is to be freighted to sail to Iceland, that the council has forbidden a ship to sail from Lübeck to Iceland, and that Hamburg will probably not stop such journeys, but advise to forbid this trade until the coming Diet of the Wendish cities.
Transcript available
1489, March 12
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of Wendish cities in Lübeck, in which among others the eldermen of the Bergen merchants complain about the trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes, whereupon all gathered cities except Hamburg decide that they shall refrain from this trade if Hamburg does so as well.
Transcript available
[1491, May 2-June 22]
[Antwerp]
Report from Danzig (Gda?sk) about the negotiations between England and the Hanse in Antwerp, in which English merchants complain about damage done to them by Germans, among others that they were driven out from Icelandic harbours by men from Hamburg.
Transcript available
1491, June 10
Antwerp
Complaints of the English against hindrance of their trade by the Hanse, brought forth during negotiations in Antwerp, among others of two ships from Hull in Iceland, which were attacked by merchants from Hamburg and Lübeck with a total damage of 1061 pounds.
Transcript available
1500, April 4
[Hamburg]
Clerics from St John's Monastery in Hamburg and members of the community of Iceland merchants declare to have founded a confraternity called St Anne of the Iceland merchants, which shall have an altar and chapel in the monastery church, where they can bury their dead and where the brothers shall read two masses weekly, remember the names of the members, and visit the graves twice a year, for the price of 75 mark and an annual contribution of 15 mark.
Transcript available
1506, [after January 28]
[Hamburg]
Hans Tappe to Hamburg: answer to the complaint of Lubberd Tydeman, Hans Schulhovet and their companions in the conflict about the use of the harbour Grindeforde, in which he states that it is custom that if a merchant uses a certain harbour in Iceland and has paid the tolls, he has the sole right to trade there and shall not be hindered by others, even though the seas are free to use by anyone. Therefore, Hans Tappe is the one that was hindered by the others and shall be compensated with 1000 mark.
Transcript available
1506, January 28
[Hamburg]
Luberd Tideman, Hans Schulhovet, Dirick Kruse, Pawel Peeck, Eler van Stendern the younger, Luder Wolter and Clawes Bremer to Hamburg: complaint against Hans Tappe, who would not permit them to use the harbour Grindeforde in Iceland, where he had arrived three days before them, and whose men attacked them when they tried to bring their goods to shore. Therefore, they demand compensation for the suffered damage.
Transcript available
[1506, May]
[Lübeck]
List of complaints of the Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen, among others that merchants from Hamburg are trading in Shetland, the Faroes and Orkney, to the damage of the Kontor.
Transcript available
1506, May 21
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, where among others the Bergen merchants complain that Hamburg and Bremen violate the prohibition of the trade with Orkney, the Faroes and Shetland, whereupon it is decided that the matter will be postponed until the next Diet.
Transcript available
1513, June 18
Report of Hamburg secretary Johann Reinken about the negotiations of Hanseatic cities with Denmark in Copenhagen, in which among others the King and the Council of the Realm state that Bremen and Hamburg are only allowed to trade in Iceland if they bring the fish to England.
Transcript available
[1518, before June 30]
[London]
Complaints of the Hanseatic Kontor in London, among others that the violent behaviour of German merchants against the English in Iceland damages the position of the Kontor, and that the ship of Hamburg skipper Cordt Trawendael was attacked by English pirates on the return journey from Iceland.
Transcript available
1519, January [13]
[Lübeck]
Fragment of the proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, where the Bergen merchants from Lübeck complain about the North Atlantic trade by Bremen and Hamburg, and claim that they should only bring the Icelandic commodities to England.
Transcript available
1519, April 7
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, where among others the Bergen merchants complain about the trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes by Bremen and Hamburg, which damages the Kontor in Bergen, whereupon the Hamburg representatives claim that the Icelandic fish is usually brought to England.
Transcript available
[1519, before April 26]
[Lübeck]
Representatives of the cities Deventer, Kampen and Zwolle answer to complaints of the Bergen Kontor, among others that merchants from Bremen and Hamburg are visiting the Faroes and other islands, damaging the Hanse.
Transcript available
1519, June 17
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of Wendish cities in Lübeck, which contains among others a remark about the negligence of the regulations about the Icelandic trade by Hamburg.
Transcript available
1519, October 24
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, in which it is among others proposed to appoint an independent mediator to solve the controversy surrounding the trade with Iceland between the Bergen merchants and the city of Hamburg, whereupon the Hamburg representatives claim to have no mandate of the city council to discuss this topic.
Transcript available
[1520, July]
Complaints of the Hanseatic Kontor in London, among others about Hamburg skipper Cordt Frowdendaell, who was on his way with stockfish from Iceland back to Hamburg, when his ship was attacked by English, who killed and wounded many of the crew, threw Frowdendaell overboard and took the ship to Newcastle.
Transcript available
1521, February 15
Hamburg
The burgomasters and city council of Hamburg declare, that by request of Hans Eggerzen, the skippers Hinrick Horneman and Hinrich vaget have appeared before them and testified under oath that they had been at the Althing in Iceland the year before, where they mediated between Hans Eggerzen and Tyle Petersszen, who settled their conflict with each other.
Transcript available
1521, March 27
Flensburg
Tyle Persson to King Christian II of Denmark: sends him part of the English cloth that was still in Hamburg, and regrets that he cannot come to see him, but has heard that lawmen Vigfús Erlendsson has been made governor of Iceland with the support of men from Hamburg, and requests to write to Hamburg that they should not mingle in Icelandic politics and not hinder him in his own office as governor of Iceland and the Faroes.
Transcript available
1521, May 29 - June 11
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck from May 29 to June 11, 1521, in which eldermen of the Bergen Kontor complain about illicit trade of Bremen and Hamburg in Iceland, among others.
Transcript available
[1521, September 19]
[Bruges]
English complains against the Hanse, brought forth during negotiations in Bruges, among others about hindrance by Hamburg merchants in the business of merchants from Hull in the harbour Botsand in Iceland in 1423 and 1477.
Transcript available
1523, November 3
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: complain about Hamburg skipper Kersten Junghe, who had killed Bremen skipper Hinrick Haneman the previous year when he tried to stop him from using the harbour Grindeforde in Iceland, even though the latter only wanted to sail to Kummerwage, and demand compensation for Haneman's heirs.
Transcript available
[1525, June 15 - July 27]
[Danzig (Gda?sk)]
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Danzig, where the representatives of Bremen, Hamburg and Lüneburg promise to deal with Icelandic fish rightfully, so that no one can complain, as it is feared that the Icelandic trade will damage the position of the Kontor in Bergen.
Transcript available
[1525, July 7 - 29]
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, in which among others the trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes is discussed, during which Bremen claims that the fish from these lands does not push the fish from Bergen from the market, and Hamburg claims that merchants from other nations are sailing there anyway, whereupon it is decided that the Bergen merchants should accept this trade.
Transcript available
[1526, middle of May]
Instruction of King Frederick I of Denmark to governor Hinrich Rantzow in Rendsburg, who is sent to the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, among others to discuss ships which are ready to sail from Hamburg to Iceland.
Transcript available
1527, July 2
Þingvellir
The bishops, governor, lawmen and lawrightmen in Iceland testify that German and English merchants at Althing have confirmed the measures and weights to be used in trading, and promised not to stay in winter, except in the case of shipwreck, or for young boys. It is requested that Hamburg will send a letter to confirm these regulations.
Transcript available
1527, July 2
Hafnarfjörður
Skippers and merchants from Hamburg, Bremen and England in Iceland testify that they have confirmed at Althing the measures and weights to be used in trading, and promised not to stay in winter, except in the case of shipwreck, or for young boys. It is requested that Hamburg will send a letter to confirm these regulations.
[1528]
[Hamburg]
Summary of attacks of the English on the ships of Cordt Froudendal, Hinrick van Ronne, Hans Schomaker in 1528 and Cordt van der Heyde from Hamburg in various harbours in Iceland.
Transcript available
1528, September 16
[Hamburg]
Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England: complain about attacks of English merchants on the ship of Hans Schomaker in Ríf in Iceland, for which compensation is demanded.
Transcript available
1529, November 28
Gottorp
King Frederick I of Denmark to Eski Bilde, commander of Bergenhus: writes that he has given the Faroes to Thomes Koppen from Hamburg as a fief, under the same levies as in king Hans' time, and asks not to hinder him.
Transcript available
1529, November 28
Schleswig
Royal Danish chancellor Claus Gørtze to Eski Bilde, commander of Bergenhus: King Frederick I of Denmark has enfeoffed Thomas Koppen, his former secretary and now citizen of Hamburg, with the Faroes, and asks not to hinder him.
Transcript available
1529, December 12
Gottorp
Chancellor Claus Gortze to Eski Bilde, commander in Bergenhus: Thomas Koppen from Hamburg has received the Faroes as fief, also with his support, as he has written before, but he has changed his mind and states that it will do much damage if the islands are not subject to Bergenhus anymore.
Transcript available
1530, February 22
Steinburg
Johan Rantzouw to Eske Bille, commander of Bergenhus: states that the Danish King has enfeoffed his former secretary Thomas Koppen from Hamburg with the Faroes, and asks not to hinder him.
Transcript available
1531, May 19
Trondheim
Archbishop Olaf of Trondheim to Eske Bille, commander of Bergenhus: announces that he can not come to the meeting with the king in Copenhagen because of a large fire in Trondheim, and sends his points for the agenda, including complaints about Hamburg merchants in Iceland and the Faroes.
Transcript available
1531, December 4
Gottorp
King Frederick I of Denmark announces that two years earlier, Thomes Koppen from Hamburg has appeared before him together with Joachim Wlweffuer, as both men will share the enfeoffment that Koppen has for the Faroes.
Transcript available
1532
[Hamburg]
Lenghty complaint of Hamburg merchants against the English in Iceland, who misbehave both towards German merchants and the Icelanders, are involved in fishing activities, rob the merchants of their ships and goods, and have attacked them on multiple occasions between 1486 and 1532.
[1532]
Summary of the letter of Hamburg to the English king, which was given with Bartholomeus van der Linden.
Transcript available
1532-1533
Hamburg
Treasurer accounts (Kämmereirechnungen) of the city of Hamburg, containing expenses for the negotiations in Segeberg with Thomas Lee, English representative, about the conflict between merchants from Hamburg and England in Iceland.
Transcript available
[1532]
[King's Lynn]
Johan Browne, William Kenneth and Johan Sowermere, merchants in King's Lynn, to king Henry VIII of England: complain about the attacks of Lutke Schmidt and his crew on English merchants in the harbour Botsand in Iceland, whereby two English died, and request to capture four Hamburg ships in the Thames, so that the damage can be compensated and the perpetrators punished.
Transcript available
1532
English complaint about attacks from Hamburg and Bremen men on the ship of Nicolas Gybson from London in the harbour Grenewick in Iceland, where after the Germans wanted to take stockfish which belonged to Gybson, they came during the night and killed 15 men on board.
Transcript available
1532, May 16
Iceland
Robbert Legghe and other English merchants testify that they came to Botsand in Iceland in 1532, where Lutke Schmidt from Hamburg denied them access, so that they entered the harbour by force, together with Jon Willers, after which merchants from Haneforde mediated and settled the matter.
Transcript available
1532, May 16
Iceland
Robbert Legghe and other English merchants testify that they have paid skipper Lutken Schmidt and his merchants from Hamburg compensation for the damage inflicted upon them in the harbour of Botsand in Iceland.
Transcript available
1532, July 29
London
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in London to Hamburg: after the attacks of the English on Bremen and Hamburg merchants in Iceland, now merchants from Lynn have complained about how they were attacked by Lutke Schmidt's men in Iceland, who killed and wounded them and sank their ship. Therefore, eldermen of the Kontor and Hamburg merchants in England have to appear before the royal court, and it is asked to appropriate Lutke Schmidt's ship until the matter is settled.
Transcript available
[1532, after August 23]
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England: reply to the complaint of English merchants from Lynn about Lutke Schmidt in Iceland, whom they have asked to send his version of the events, and hope that Germans and English can behave peacefully in Iceland.
Transcript available
1532, August 23
[Hamburg]
Lutke Schmidt to Hamburg: reply to the complaint of English merchants, in which he tells his version of the events in Iceland in 1532, when he arrived on March 30 with a ship in Botsand, and was visited by Thomas Hammon from Harwich, and the day after by Jon Willer from Lynn, who attacked him both.
Transcript available
1532, September 1
Windsor
King Henry VIII of England to Hamburg: complaint about how London merchant Nicolaus Gybson was attacked in Grindewick in Iceland in May by 280 men from Hamburg and Bremen, who killed 15 of his men on board of the ship, confiscated his ship and goods, worth 1500 pounds. Therefore, compensation and punishment of those involved is demanded.
Transcript available
1532, September 7
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England: state that they have heard from the Hanseatic Kontor in London about the complaints of merchants from Lynn and Harwich about damage inflicted to them by Lutke Schmidt from Hamburg in Iceland, and state that the English merchants have caused the conflict themselves by their unruly behaviour. Moreover, Lutke Schmidt has declared to be prepared to let a law court decide upon this, which should happen at the court of the Danish king, since Iceland belongs to him.
1532, September 9
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Hanseatic Kontor in London: the Kontor's secretary Matthias van Emersen has come to them and brought the English complaints, whereupon they send a copy of Lutke Schmidt's version of the events that happened in Iceland.
Transcript available
1532, September 10
London
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in London to Hamburg: Thomas Cromwell has complained about attacks of Hamburg and Bremen merchants on the ship of English merchant Nicolas Gybson in the harbour Grindewick, whereby they killed 15 men on board and confiscated the ship. It is demanded that Hamburg settles the matter with Cromwell, in order not to endanger the Kontor's position in England.
1532, September 30
Hamburg
Tonnies Pingsten, Hinrick Martins and Lutke Schmidt to bailiff Dirick tho Bramstede in Iceland: ask for his support in the conflict with the English about the violence in Iceland.
Transcript available
1532,October 13
Gottorf
King Frederick I of Denmark to king Henry VIII of England: in response to English complaints about violence of Hamburg and Bremen merchants against them in Iceland, it is stated that the English behaved unlawfully against the local population, and therefore the Germans were only helping the governour to punish the English. Therefore, it is asked to excuse them and to refrain from measures against German merchants in England.
Transcript available
1532, October 21
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England: in response to complaints of Nicolaus Gybson, whose ship was attacked by Hamburg and Bremen merchants in Iceland last summer, it is stated that the English misbehaved and that the German merchants were only helping the Danish governour to punish them.
1532, October 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to Bremen: as the attacks on English merchants in Iceland last summer were done on order of the Danish governour, the matter has been passed on to the Danish king, and they send Bartholomeus van der Linden, secretary of the London Kontor, with a copy of the letter to the English king.
1532, October 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Hanseatic Kontor in London: Hamburg and Bremen merchants have assisted the Danish governour in Iceland against English merchants last summer, and the Kontor's secretary Bartholomeus van der Linden will bring a copy of Hamburg's reply to the complaints of the English king. Also, the merchants who will sail to Iceland next year have been ordered to behave peacefully towards the English there.
1532, October 30
[Hamburg]
Tonnies Pingsten, Hinrick Martins and Lutke Schmidt to bailiff Dirick tho Bramstede in Iceland: repeated request for his support in the conflict with the English about the violence in Iceland.
Transcript available
1532, November 14
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Hanseatic Kontor in London: in reaction to the Icelandic fish that was confiscated from Hamburg merchants because the English claimed it was theirs, the council cannot help as the matter is dealt with at the Danish court.
Transcript available
1532, November 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England: in response to the confiscation of Icelandic fish from Fredericus Ostra and his son Henning in London, Johan Stemmelman and Johan Petersen have testified that they had sold them the fish, which they had acquired themselves honestly from Icelanders in the harbour Botsand.
Transcript available
1532, November 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England: in response to the confiscation of Icelandic fish from Hans Hesterberch and Herman van der Huden in London, Hamburg merchants have testified that it had been acquired honestly from Icelanders in the harbour Botsand.
Transcript available
1532, December 10
London
King Henry VIII of England to Hamburg: letter in response to the violence of Hamburg merchants against Nicolas Gybson in Iceland, for which he sends a representative to negotiate the matter in Hamburg and Denmark.
Transcript available
1532, December 22
London
Hanseatic Kontor in London to Lübeck: repeated complaint about violence of Hamburg and Bremen merchants against the English in Iceland, which damages the privileges of the Kontor. Therefore, it is demanded again to press Hamburg and Bremen to settle the matter.
Transcript available
1532, December 23
London
Hanseatic Kontor in London to Hamburg: complain that Hamburg and Bremen defend their actions against the English in Iceland by stating that they acted on order of the Danish governour, although they normally behave like free cities, which is damaging the Hanseatic rights in England, and demand them to behave peacefully towards the English in Iceland.
Transcript available
1532, December 30
Hatteberg
Magdalena Oleffzdotther to Eske Bylle, commander of Bergenhus: writes among others that her representative on the Faroes has reported that there is no ship on the Faroes that can sail to Bergen, and requests to have a fourth part of the ship that Eske Bylle is planning to send there, and that the Faroes have been given to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg, which is detrimental to Norwegians who have possessions on the islands.
1533-1628
[Hamburg]
First donation register of the confraternity of St Anne of the Hamburg merchants with Iceland, which contains donations, mostly in fish or money, from the people on board of ships returning each year from Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes to Hamburg from 1533-1628. Also contains notes about the annual accounting of the eldermen of the confraternity.
Transcript available
[1533]
[Lübeck]
Eldermen of the Bergen merchants in Lübeck to Lübeck: state that the trade with Orkney, Shetland and the Faroes has been forbidden on the Hanseatic Diets in 1494 and 1498, but that some merchants are trading there anyway, and that merchants from Bremen, Hamburg and Holland have started to trade north of Bergen in Trondheim, damaging the Kontor, and ask for repercussions.
1533, January 11
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick I of Denmark: they have heard that the English king will send an envoy to Bremen and Hamburg to discuss the Icelandic conflict, but as they were acting on command of the Danish governour of Iceland, the king is asked to settle the matter as soon as possible, so that merchants sailing to Iceland next sommer will not get into trouble.
1533, January 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to Bremen: they have heard that the English king will send an envoy to Bremen and Hamburg to discuss the Icelandic conflict, but as they were acting on command of the Danish governour of Iceland, the matter should be brought before the Danish court.
1533, January 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to Rostock: write that they have asked for the council of doctor Johan Oldendorp in an urgent matter, and hope for his cooperation.
1533, January 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to Rostock doctor of law Johan Oldendorp: asks for his cooperation in the negotiations between Denmark and England surrounding the conflict between Bremen and Hamburg and English merchants in Iceland.
1533, January 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to Braunschweig doctor of law Levin van Emden: write that they will possibly need his help in an urgent matter, and ask for his cooperation.
1533, January 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to Herman Bonn, professor in theology in Lübeck: ask for his cooperation in making known the demands of the Hamburg merchants with Iceland to the English legate, who does not know German.
1533, January 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick I of Denmark: write that the English ambassador Thomas Lee has arrived in Hamburg, but does not speak German, and they will therefore send him to Denmark to discuss the conflict between English and German merchants in Iceland.
1533, January 30
Hamburg
Hamburg to Lübeck: in answer to the complaints of the Kontor in London about the violence against the English in Iceland, which is damaging their privileges, they are doing their utmost best to settle the matter as soon as possible.
Transcript available
1533, January 30
Lübeck
Lübeck to Hamburg: in response to a complaint of the Kontor in London about the violent behaviour of Hamburg and Bremen merchants against the English in Iceland, which damages the Hanseatic privileges in England, the council is once again asked to settle the matter as soon as possible.
Transcript available
1533, January 30 – February 1
[Hamburg]
Report of the arrival of the English ambassador who came to discuss the Icelandic conflict in Hamburg, and his reception by the city council.
Transcript available
[1533, February]
[Hamburg]
Detailed summary of the damages inflicted by the Germans to English ships in Iceland, with sums of the claims indicated, as presented by the English representative Thomas Lee during negotiations with Hamburg.
Transcript available
[1533, February]
[Hamburg]
Summary of the damages inflicted by merchants from Hamburg and Bremen upon the English in Iceland, as presented by the English representative Thomas Lee during negotiations with Hamburg.
Transcript available
1533, February 1
[Hamburg]
English complaints against the attacks of Hamburg and Bremen merchants in Icelandic harbours, presented to the Hamburg city council by the English representative Thomas Lee.
Transcript available
1533, February 2-4
Hamburg
Report about the negotiations between Hamburg and the English about the Icelandic conflict in Segeberg, where Hamburg's complaints about the English are discussed.
1533, February 3
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick I of Denmark: asks for Dirick tho Bramstede, governour in Iceland, to be present at the negotiations about the conflict between English and German merchants in Iceland, because he had turned them against each other.
Transcript available
[1533, February 4]
[Hamburg]
Defense of the city of Hamburg against accusations by the English about violence in Iceland, where it is among others stated that English merchant Jon Breyen has been convicted for his behaviour by the Icelandic Althing.
Transcript available
[1533, February 4]
[Hamburg]
Introduction to the Hamburg complaints against the English in Iceland, as presented during negotiations with the English representative.
[1533, February 4]
[Hamburg]
Defense of Lutke Schmid, in which he tells his version of the events in Iceland in 1532, when he was visited by Thomas Hammon from Harwich while lying in Botsand, and the day after by Jon Willer from Lynn, who attacked him both.
1533, February 5
Bremen
Martinus Michaelis from Bremen to Herman Rover, secretary of Hamburg: request on behalf of the Bremen skippers to keep them updated about the negotiations in Holstein which will soon take place.
Transcript available
1533, February 5
[Hamburg]
Reply of the English representative to the Hamburg complaints about the behaviour of the English in Iceland.
Transcript available
1533, February 5
[Hamburg]
Answer of Hamburg's city council to the complaints by the English representative about the violence of Hamburg merchants against the English in Iceland.
Transcript available
1533, February 7
[Hamburg]
Suggestions for a better relation between the English and Hamburg merchants in Iceland, among others that those who first arrive in a harbour have the right to trade there and shall not be hindered, that the Icelanders shall be free to trade with whom they like, and that the law of the land shall apply to the foreigners in case of conflicts.
1533, February 7
Segeberg
Crown prince Christian of Denmark to Hamburg: asks them to come to Segeberg to negotiate their conflict with the English.
1533, February 8
Hamburg
Hamburg to Wolff Pogewisck, commander of Segeberg: reply to the invitation of the Danish king to come to Segeberg to negotiate their conflict with the English.
1533, February 10
Hamburg
Hamburg secretary Herman Rover to Bremen secretary Martin Michaelis: upon inquiry from Bremen about the proceedings in the negotiations about the Icelandic quarrels with the English ambassador, it is answered that he has gone to Denmark, and that negotiations will take place in Segeberg soon, after which he will travel on to Bremen.
Transcript available
1533, February 10
[Hamburg]
Skippers Tonnies Pinxten, Hinrick Martinus and their companions testify that they had been in Haneforde in Iceland, and had bought fish in Grindewick, but discovered that English merchant Joen Brey had marked it as being his when they came to pick it up. Thereupon they attacked the English with 180 men, together with the bailiff and the merchants from Bremen in Holm.
1533, February 11
Hamburg
Hamburg to crown prince Christian of Denmark: confirm that they received his invitation to come to Segeberg to discuss the conflict with the English on Iceland, and propose a date for the negotiations to begin.
1533, February 12
Gottorp
King Frederick I of Denmark to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg: quittance for 100 Lübeck mark, which was the royal levy for the Faroes for the year 1532.
Transcript available
1533, February 12
Ratzeburg
Crown prince Christian of Denmark to Hamburg: announces that the negotiations in Segeberg will start coming Sunday.
1533, February 13
Hamburg
Hamburg to governour Dirick tho Bramstede of Iceland: let him know that the negotiations with the English in Segeberg will begin the following Sunday, and that they have received his letter.
Transcript available
1533, February 15-17
[Segeberg]
Proceedings of the negotiations between the representatives of the city of Hamburg and the English representative in Segeberg, about the violent attacks of German merchants on the English in Iceland.
Transcript available
1533, February [16]
Segeberg
Final response to the English negotiator in Segeberg, in which it is stated that the violence of Hamburg and Bremen merchants against the English in Iceland was a rightful punishment of their bad behaviour on the island.
1533, February 18
Rostock
Rostock doctor of law Johan Oldendorp to Hamburg secretary Herman Rover: sends him the documents pertaining to the Icelandic quarrels, and asks to send them to England.
Transcript available
1533, February 19
[Hamburg]
Proceedings of the negotiations between Hamburg and the English about the conflict in Iceland, in which it is claimed that the attacks happened on behalf of the Danish governour, and that the council of Hamburg will send a copy of the defense of Lutken Smith and Hans Hughen to the English king.
Transcript available
1533, February 22
[Hamburg]
Defenses of Lutke Smidt and Hans Hughe from Hamburg, about the violent events involving them and English merchants in Iceland the previous year, where Smidt got into a conflict with Robert Legghe about the use of the harbour Bussand, and Hughe about an amount of fish with a certain Roland in Gammelwick.
[1533, February 22]
[Hamburg]
Lenghty complaint of Hamburg merchants against the English in Iceland, who misbehave both towards German merchants and the Icelanders, are involved in fishing activities, rob the merchants of their ships and goods, and have attacked them on multiple occasions between 1486 and 1532.
1533, February 24
Hamburg
Notes of Hamburg secretary Herman Rover, about a letter he wrote to Johan Oldendorp, concerning the proceedings in the negotiations with the English ambassador.
1533, February 27
Hamburg
Hamburg secretary Herman Rover to Matthias van Emersen, secretary of the Hanseatic Kontor in London: informs about the actions of the English legate, who was received in Hamburg, then visited the Danish king in Gottorp, after which negotiations about the Icelandic matter took place in Segeberg in February, and left for Bremen on February 26.
1533, February 27
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Hanseatic Kontor in London: summary of the negotiations that took place in Hamburg and Segeberg with the English representative about the violence between German and English merchants in Iceland.
1533, March 3
Hamburg
Hamburg secretary Herman Rover to Gerdt Nigebur, merchant in London: has discussed with his partners Hans Hesterberch and Herman van der Huden and the English ambassador about the Icelandic fishes that were confiscated in England, for which a compensation of 500 pound sterling is demanded, although they are only worth 100 pounds.
Transcript available
1533, March 5
Hamburg
[Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England:] request to return the fish from Hans Hesterberch and Hermann van der Hude, which was confiscated in England on the presumption that it belonged to Jon Breyen, from whom it was stolen in Iceland.
1533, March 5
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Henry VIII of England: propose a treaty in the Icelandic conflict after the negotiations in Segeberg have ended.
1533, March 7
Hamburg
Hamburg to English represeantive Thomas Lee, who has already travelled to Bremen: send him the documents pertaining to the Icelandic quarrels, as well as a letter for the English king.
1533, March 9
[Bremen]
English representative Thomas Lee to Hamburg: writes that he has received the documents about the Icelandic quarrels and thanks them for that.
1533, March 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to Johan Oldendorp, doctor of law in Rostock: asks to send them the documents that were produced during the negotiations with the English in Hamburg and Segeberg.
1533, March 28
Rostock
Johan Oldendorp, doctor of law in Rostock to Hamburg secretary Herman Rover: excuses himself for the delay in sending the requested documents to Hamburg.
Transcript available
1533, April 3
London
King Henry VIII of England to Hamburg: thanks them for the good care of his ambassador and waits for a letter from the Danish king concerning the Icelandic matter.
Transcript available
1533, April 8
Gottorf
King Frederick I of Denmark to Hamburg: sends them a copy of the treaty of Segeberg, which they can send on to the English king.
1533, April 8
Gottorf
King Frederick I of Denmark to king Henry VIII of England: sends him the final response against the English in Segeberg.
1533, April 13
Rostock
Johan Oldendorp, doctor of law in Rostock, to Hamburg secretary Herman Rover: sends the requested documents about the conflict with the English in Iceland.
Transcript available
1533, May 14-17
Lübeck
Proceedings of the Diet of the Wendish cities in Lübeck, where among others a letter is read with complaints about the trade from Bremen and Hamburg with northern Norway and the Faroes, whereupon the burgomaster of Hamburg replied that Tomas Koppen has been enfeoffed with the Faroes.
Transcript available
1533, May 20
London
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in London to Hamburg: hope that the conflict with England about the Icelandic situation has come to an end with the negotiations in Segeberg, and ask for compensation of expenses in the matter, as the Kontor had nothing to do with it.
Transcript available
1533, June 17
Kirkjubøur
Bishop Amund of the Faroes to Eske Bylle, commander of Bergenhus castle: complains about merchant Jacob Wullenwever from Hamburg in the Faroes, who obstructs the trade with Bergen, and therefore the bishop will now send a ship to Bergen himself with vadmal, feathers, and other commodities.
Transcript available
1533, June 30
Þingvellir
The bishops of Skálholt and Hólar, the governour and two lawmen of Iceland, seven skippers from Hamburg and Bremen and English merchants testify that it was decided at Althing that German merchants can leave the commodities that they donot sell in Iceland, are not allowed to stay in winter except in the case of shipwreck or of boys who want to learn the language, and the weights and measures to be used are specified.
Transcript available
[1534, July 3?]
[Hamburg]
Instruction for the Hamburg representatives who are sent to England to discuss the Hanseatic privileges there, and will hand over a document with suggestions for a better relation between the English and German merchants in Iceland.
Transcript available
1533, August 15
Tórshavn
The bishop, lawman and other Faroese confess that Jochim Wullenweffer from Hamburg has appeared before them and upon his request they express his support for him and request that he may receive the Faroes as a fief.
Transcript available
[1534, before February 6]
Instruction for the Dutch ambassadors for negotiations in Hamburg, which among others claims that the year before Hamburg merchants in Iceland violently took a ship from Amsterdam, and it is demanded that the ship is returned.
Transcript available
1534, March 3
Gottorp
Crown prince Christian of Norway to Esche Bylden, commander of Bergen: the fish that belonged to the former King which is still in Bergen should be sent to Thomes Koppen in Hamburg, who will send it on to the prince. Moreover, it is emphasized that Koppen should be be left unhindered in using his enfeoffment with the Faroes.
Transcript available
1534, March 6
Hamburg
Thomas Koppen to Eske Bille, commander of Bergenhus: sends him a copy of his enfeoffment with the Faroes, and asks not to send a ship there to his detriment. Moreover, he sends him two barrels of Hamburg beer and a cake for his wife, as well as news about the political situation in Denmark and Germany.
Transcript available
1534, March 15
Hamburg
Gotschalck van Alefelde to Eske Bilde, commander in Bergenhus: as the late King Frederick I of Denmark has given the Faroes to his secretary Thomas Koppen as a fief for his services, he asks to see that no merchants from Bergen will sail there and hinder his business.
Transcript available
1534, April 10
Bergen
Bishop Olaf of Bergen and commander Vincents Lunge of Vardøhus to the Faroese: the Norwegian Council of the Realm has decided that after the death of King Frederick I of Denmark, the Faroes are placed under the command of Eske Bylle, commander of Bergenhus again, and not of Joachim Wullenwever and Thomas Koppen from Hamburg anymore.
Transcript available
1534, April 23
Bergenhus
Commander Eske Bille of Bergenhus anounces the Faroese that because of the great damage that Hamburg is doing to the Faroes, the Norwegian Council of the Realm has decided that after the death of king Frederick I of Denmark, the islands will be brought under his control.
Transcript available
1534, May 23
Tórshavn
Lawman Anders Gottormssen of the Faroes to Eske Bille, commander of Bergenhus: thanks him for the letter that the Norwegian Council of the Realm has decided that the Faroes shall be subjected to Bergen again and not to Hamburg, and declares his cooperation.
Transcript available
1534, May 30
Kirkjubøur
Bishop Amund of the Faroes to Esge Bille, commander of Bergenhus: writes that Hans Thehus has come to him with letters confirming that the Faroes have been given to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg as a fief, and demanded the payment of the taxes.
Transcript available
1534, June 23
Bergen
Archbishop Olaf of Trondheim, Niels Lycke and Johan Kruckow to bishop Amund of the Faroes and lawman Anders Guttormssen: Eske Bille, commander of Bergenhus, has complained that Hans Thehus has on behalf of Thomas Koppen from Hamburg hindered him to collect the tribute for the Norwegian crown, which should not happen again.
Transcript available
1535, January 28
Copenhagen
Count Christopher of Oldenburg to Eske Bilde, commander of Bergen: asks him to write to the Faroes that they should pay a tax of two guilders for each man, which has to be given to Joachim Wullenwever, councillor in Hamburg, or his representative.
Transcript available
1535, January 29
Copenhagen
Count Christopher of Oldenburg to Hamburg: writes that the Danish king has given Iceland to Marx Meyer, and that the Hamburg merchants should therefore oblige him or his brother Bernd, whom he has sent as governour, and no one else.
Transcript available
1535, February 27
[Hamburg]
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: repeat the complaints about the behaviour of the English against them in Iceland on various occasions, but accept the outcome of the negotiations in Segeberg, although they were not sufficiently compensated.
Transcript available
1535, March 13
Lübeck
Eske Bilde, commander of Bergenhus, to the Faroes: on behalf of Count Christopher of Oldenburg, it is asked to let councillor Joachim Wullenwever of Hamburg keep the Faroese tribute, which was confiscated from him in 1533.
1535, April 10
Haderslev
King Christian III of Denmark to the Faroese: has given the Faroes to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg, who will send one ship annually from Hamburg to buy and sell commodities, and if someone else will come in that position with support of Count Christopher [of Oldenburg] or of Lübeck, this will have to be resisted.
[c.1535, April 10]
King Christian III of Denmark allows Thomes Koeppen from Hamburg to sail to the Faroes with his ship.
Transcript available
[1535, July 10 - August 29]
[Lübeck]
Proceedings of the Hanseatic Diet in Lübeck, where among others the Hanseatic Kontor in London complains about the violent attacks from Bremen and Hamburg merchants against the English in Iceland in 1532, to which the burgomaster of Hamburg replies that the Danish king bore responsibility for it, and Bremen and Hamburg complain about hindrance of their trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroes.
Transcript available
[1535, August 15]
[London]
Eldermen of the Hanseatic Kontor in London to the Hanseatic representatives gathered in Lüneburg: various complaints of the Kontor, among others about the violence of Bremen and Hamburg merchants against the English in Iceland in 1532, which caused many expenses for which the Kontor requests compensation.
1536, February 17
Hamburg
King Christian III of Denmark to the lawman, governor and inhabitants of the Faroes: has heard from Thomas Koppen that skipper Herman Renicken, Hans Loes and Hans Siiderborg have traded on the islands, although only Koppen is allowed to trade there, and that they have claimed that Christian III was not the rightful king. Therefore it is asked to safeguard Koppen's privileges on the islands.
Transcript available
1536, February 18
Hamburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Esgy Bille, commander of Bergenhus: asks to support Thomes Koppen from Hamburg, who has been enfeoffed with the Faroes, in collecting the taxes from the islands, and to not hinder him in doing so.
Transcript available
1536, May 25
[Hamburg]
Hamburg to Jón Arason, bishop of Hólar: the merchants who come to Eyjafjörður to fetch sulfur each year complained about hindrance by merchants from Holland, who bought all sulfur, and it is asked to prevent this in the future.
Transcript available
1537, December 27
Haderslev
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: announces that he has appointed Claus von der Marwitz as governor of Iceland, and asks the Hamburg merchants to support him when needed, to transport his goods and behave cooperatively towards him.
1538
[Hamburg]
[Hamburg] to Erlendur Þorvarðarson, lawman in Iceland: request on behalf of Alheyd Rosenbrock, daughter of Dithmer and sister of the deceased Hans Rosenbrock, to allow Frederick and Berndt Badehusen to trade in Iceland one more time for her, and to collect the outstanding debts of Hans Rosenbrock on the island, and to prevent anyone from hindering them.
[early 1539]
[Lübeck]
Skipper Herman Vurborn to Lübeck: relates how Hamburg merchants do not allow anyone else to trade in Iceland, although they are free to do so, and that he has sailed to Iceland himself last year, with a license of the Danish king, and as he sent a messenger to the governour to show him the license, the Hamburg merchants tried to kill him. Therefore, it is requested from Hamburg to let other merchants trade in peace.
Transcript available
1539, February 5
[Lübeck]
Lübeck to Hamburg: in response to a complaint of the Lübeck Iceland merchant Hermen Vurborn and his shipowners about Hamburg merchants, it is requested that the Hamburg merchants in Iceland will respect the free trade there by merchants from other cities.
Transcript available
1539, March 20
Hamburg
Claus von der Marwitz to Melchior Rantzau, marshal of the Danish king: reports about Icelandic complaints about misbehaving English merchants in Iceland, and how the matter was treated by the Danish and English king.
1539, April 27
Gottorp
King Christian III of Denmark to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg: quittance for 100 Lübeck mark, which was the royal levy for the Faroes.
Transcript available
1540, January 16
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: take position with regard to the plundering of the monastery Viðey in 1539, condemn the governor's actions, and point to the court of law at Althing, where conflicts can be settled, and only then will be ready to support the authorities.
Transcript available
1540, January 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian III of Denmark: send the testimony of merchants with Iceland about the violence in the previous year on request of governour Claus van der Marwitz.
Transcript available
1541, April 7
Hamburg
Hamburg to bishop Gissur Einarsson of Skálholt: six years before, Heyne Sander lent 15 daler to the previous bishop Ögmunder Pálsson, to be repaid in 30 wete fish. The abbot of Helgafell has paid 20 wete fish, but the remaining 10 wete debt still remains, in spite of frequent reminders. Therefore, it is requested to pay this debt to Peter Betken.
Transcript available
1542, March 14
[Hamburg]
Hamburg to bishop Gissur Einarsson of Skálholt: the former bishop of Skálholt Ögmunder Pálsson still owes Hinrick Mertens 20 mark and 10 schilling for the interior of an organ for the church of Skálholt. Because Ögmunder died, Gissur is asked to repay the debt.
Transcript available
1543, March 1
Hamburg
Agreement between Jacob Thode and three Icelandic representatives of bishop Jón Arason from Hólar, who appeared before the city council of Hamburg to discuss a debt which the bishop had with Thode. It is agreed that two last fish shall be paid to Thode's representative in Haneforde the following summer, or if no fish is available, the same value in vadmal or other commodities.
Transcript available
ca. 1544
Danish counsellor Anders Bille's recommendations about the Icelandic trade, that the king shall send two ships of 100 lasts annually to collect sulfur, which the Hamburg merchants do until now, and a ship to the harbours Botsand and Reff to trade, and that the English traders in England shall pay their tolls for the Icelandic trade in the London steelyard.
[1545]
[Hamburg]
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: complain about Otto Stigson, governour of Iceland, who has confiscated last year the fishing boats which were sold to Icelanders, has hindered them to take action against their debtors, and forbade them the winter stay, against ancient custom.
Transcript available
1545, March 20
Kolding
Adam Schneydewint and Lutke Schmidt, representatives of Hamburg, complain that governour Otto Stigsson in Iceland is not treating Hamburg merchants equally to others, and now has unrightfully taken fishing boats from them, intended to help the Icelanders fish, and demand these back.
Transcript available
1545, March 20
Kolding
Governor Otto Stigsson of Iceland replies to the complaints of the Hamburg merchants, stating that they have violated against the prohibitions on the winter stay and the keeping of fishing boats in Iceland, against which the penalty is confiscation of the boats, and that it is their own fault that they had to wait for three weeks before they could trade, as no one is allowed to trade before the first of May.
Transcript available
1545, ca. March 20
Kolding
List of complaints of Otto Stigsson, governour of Iceland, against Hamburg merchants, among others that they behave violently, appropriate what isn't theirs, withhold payments to the governour, and use their own weights.
Transcript available
1545, ca. March 20
Kolding
Adam Schneydewint and Lutke Schmidt, representatives of Hamburg, answer to the complaints of governour Otto Stigsson of Iceland, that they have helped the Icelanders with fishing boats and commodities, and that merchants have power over debtors in the trading stations.
Transcript available
1545, March 20
Kolding
Danish chancellor Johan Friis, marshal Erich Erichsen, Erich Krabben and Andres von Barby conclude the conflict between governour Otto Stigsson of Iceland and the Hamburg merchants by deciding that Stigsson has rightfully confiscated a boat from them, and order the merchants to respect the law and use the right measures and weights.
Transcript available
1545, June 30
Þingvellir
Althing decides in the conflict between Hamburg merchants and governor Otte Stigsson, and confirms the rules for foreign traders in Iceland as set out in the Píningsdomur, including that foreign merchants shall not sell fishing boats to Icelanders, are not allowed to stay in winter, and weights shall not be used to calculate the value of fish.
1546, May 31
Hamburg
Hamburg to Eggert Hannesson, sheriff of western Iceland: relate how skipper Hans Stolten has complained that Eggert allegedly refused to allow him to trade in Iceland. Therefore it is asked to allow Stolten to trade there, and otherwise they will complain at the Danish court.
Transcript available
1546, June 13
Grundarfjörður
Peter Einerson, sheriff of Thorsnesting in Iceland, confesses that he wanted to set the trade with skipper Hans Hauler following the conditions set out at Althing last year. The Hamburg merchants, however, complained against this, stating that they didn't know about these new conditions, and therefore the trade was not set.
1546, December 14
[Hamburg]
[Hamburg] to Otto Stigsson, governor of Iceland: relate how on the Althing last year, it was decided that fishes should be traded per piece, and not by weight, and that the Hamburg merchants in western Iceland have complained about this, because the fishes are so small there.
1547, February 14
Kolding
King Christian III of Denmark to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg: quittance for 200 Lübeck mark, which was the royal levy for the Faroes for the years 1545 and 1546.
1547, February 15
Kolding
King Christian III of Denmark to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg: quittance for his payment of the levies for the ecclesiastical goods of the Faroes for the years 1545 and 1546, which were received by treasurer Jørgen Pedersen.
1547, April 8
Lübeck
Lübeck to Hamburg: as some citizens have asked permission to let a ship sail to Iceland with a crew consisting of men from Hamburg, and have not received an answer yet, it is asked to allow this.
1548, March 12
Koldinghus
King Christian III of Denmark to Christoffer Hvidtfeldt: has recently allowed citizens of Bergen to trade in the Faroes, but now Thomas Koppen from Hamburg has complained that due to the bad last year, he has a lot of outstanding debts on the islands, which he fears he cannot collect if Bergen citizens are trading there as well. Therefore, it is requested that they will not trade there until Koppen has collected his outstanding debts.
1548, March 12
Koldinghus
King Christian III of Denmark to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg: quittance for 500 Lübeck mark, which was the royal levy for the Faroes for 1547, including 400 mark for the church lands, and a confirmation that he has paid 100 mark to the school and 100 mark to the poor on the islands.
1548, September 13
Flensburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg: quittance for 500 Lübeck mark, which was the royal levy for the Faroes, including 400 mark for the church lands.
[1549]
[Hamburg]
[Hamburg merchants with Iceland] complain that in 1547, governor Lorentz Mule in Iceland has confiscated fish in Ackernisse from Henrich Kopman, although he had permission to leave one of his servants on the island, and from merchants in Wespenow, and sold their fish to English merchants. The damage is estimated at 733 daler, which should be repaid.
[1549]
[Hamburg]
List of the value of the goods that were confiscated from Hamburg merchants in Iceland by the bailiff, from the ships of Jurgen vam Hagen, Peter Korner, Cordt Detzelman, and Dirich Pineman.
Transcript available
[1549]
[Hamburg]
[Hamburg merchants in the Haneforde in Iceland] reply to a letter from the Danish king, in which they defend themselves against accusations from the governor of Iceland, claiming that he refused to give back the goods he confiscated from them, and did not appear at Althing so the matter could be brought to court, but confiscated goods in their absence, and that they did not hold him captive in their ship.
[1549]
[Hamburg]
Hamburg merchants in Iceland complain about governor Lorentz Mule in Haneforde, who confiscated goods from them and did not appear at Althing to settle the matter.
Transcript available
[1549]
[Hamburg]
Iceland merchants from Hamburg complain that the governor has lowered the prices for goods after they arrived for the first time in 1547.
1549, March 24
Kolding
[King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg]: Writes that the Hamburg merchants are free to trade in Iceland by his permission only, and that he will continue to permit this, as long as they respect the rules and do not stay in Iceland in winter.
Transcript available
1549, December 20
Nyborg
Governour Lorentz Müle of Iceland to king Christian III of Denmark: reports how he has captured five merchant servants from Hamburg and Lübeck, who have stayed in winter in Iceland, and brought them to Amsterdam.
1549, December 24
Nyborg
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: sends a complaint from Lorenz Mule, governor of Iceland, and warns them not to stay in winter in Iceland, or to act against the law of the land, and requests to arrest the formerly arrested Hamburg citizens who have fled in Amsterdam.
1549, December 29
Kolding
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: in response to a complaint of the Hamburg merchants with Iceland, states that he is generally favourable to their presence in Iceland, but they should remember that they can only do so by his special permission, that they should not stay in winter, and should obey the law of the land and the governor.
Transcript available
1550
Hamburg representatives Johan Straubb, Gerdt Niebuer and Luder Schulte to king Christian III of Denmark: complaint against governor Laurens Mull, who captured young merchants in Iceland in 1549. They explain how they are only helping the poor inhabitants of the island by supplying them with goods and fishing boats.
Transcript available
[1550?]
[Hamburg]
[Hamburg] to king Christian III of Denmark: have received his letter, but were not yet able to get a reply from the [merchants with Iceland], and ask to hear the governour of Iceland about the matter.
Transcript available
1550/1551
[Hamburg]
Complaints about hindrance of Hamburg merchants in 1547 and 1548 in the Westman Islands in Iceland, for which Jochim Wullenwever had the right to trade there, by governor Lorentz Mule and English traders.
[c.1550]
[Hamburg]
List of complaints by Icelandic governor Otto Stigsen against Hamburg merchants in Iceland, among others that they trade before it is allowed, inflict their own justice upon the Icelanders, use their own weights, and drive out the English from the harbours.
[c.1550]
[Hamburg]
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: reply to complaint of governour Otto Stigsen in Iceland, in which they state that the trade in Iceland has been free for all for a long time, that the Icelanders refused to pay with fishes by weight, and that the conflict should be settled at Althing.
[c.1550]
[Hamburg]
Merchants with Haneforde in Iceland reply to the king's letter about the confiscation of their goods in Iceland by the governor, that the governor did not appear at Althing to settle the conflict, and that it was his own fault that they had to hold him captive on their ship.
Transcript available
[1550]
[Copenhagen]
Extract of the answer of Copenhagen to the complaints of Hamburg about the confiscation of fish from Hamburg merchants in Iceland by governor Laurentz Mule because of the illegal winter stay on the island.
Transcript available
1550, March 8
Flensburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: answers to complaints from Hamburg that since Didrick Pining made an agreement with foreign merchants in 1490, they are not allowed to stay in winter in Iceland, without exception, and that if they wish to leave their commodities there, they can let it be guarded by Icelanders.
1550, March 13
Flensburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg: quittance for 500 Lübeck mark, which was received by Hans Skovgaard, which was the royal levy for the Faroes for 1549, including 400 mark for the church lands.
Transcript available
1550, March 20
Flensburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Copenhagen: explains how he has answered Hamburg in reaction to their complaints, that they are not allowed to stay in winter in Iceland, and that if they want to leave their commodities there, they can let it be guarded by Icelanders.
1550, May 28
Straumur
Lorentz Mule, governor of Iceland, to the merchants in Haneforde: writes that he has arrested some of their servants last winter and brought them to Amsterdam, where they escaped, and asks them not to cause any more trouble this year.
Transcript available
1550, June 30
Þingvellir
The Althing decides, concerning the complaints of merchants from Hamburg and Lübeck about governor Lorentz Mule, that Mule shall return the fish that he has confiscated, and forbids the foreign merchants in Iceland to stay in winter.
1550, September 15
Malmö
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: complaint about violent behaviour of Hamburg merchants in Iceland last summer, who confiscated fish which belonged to Copenhagen merchants and the king and attacked Danish merchants. Moreover, the governor has not illegally taken goods from them last winter, because foreigners are not allowed to stay in winter, which was also confirmed on the Althing this summer. Therefore, it is demanded that the violent merchants, servants, and crew members be arrested and the confiscated fish be returned.
1550, October 20?
[Hamburg]
Hamburg merchants who have been in Iceland last summer to Hamburg: reaction to the king's complaints that they have behaved violently and confiscated fish in Iceland, which they state is not true, as the governor himself behaved violently and refused to return the goods to them which he confiscated last winter, and forbade Icelanders to take their goods into custody.
1550, December 1
Nyborg
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: has received their complaints about what happened on Iceland last summer, and asked the governor and the Copenhagen merchants for a reaction, but accuses the Hamburg merchants of having stayed in winter, and violating Copenhagen property.
Transcript available
1550, December 1
Nyborg
King Christian III of Denmark to Copenhagen: Hamburg has complained about the actions directed against them by governor Lauritzs Mule in Iceland last year, and it is requested to send him and others to inform the king about these events.
Transcript available
1550, December 21
Copenhagen
Copenhagen to King Christian III: lenghty answer to Hamburg complaints, in which it is explained how the Hamburg merchants have violated the prohibition of the winter stay in Iceland, acted against the governor, kidnapped and mistreated the bailiff and his secretary, and stole fish which belonged to Copenhagen and the king. Therefore, compensation for the fish is demanded, as well as a punishment of the persons responsible for this.
1551, January 5
Nyborg
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: in reaction to their complaints, emphasizes that they are not supposed to stay in Iceland in winter, should respect the law of the land, and accuses them of having behaved violently towards the governor and the merchants from Copenhagen.
1551, February 4
Nyborg
King Christian III of Denmark to Hamburg: after the city council had not yet provided an answer to his last letter, it is asked to send an answer as soon as possible.
1551, [March]
[Hamburg]
"Relation" of the negotiations in March in Flensburg, about the hindrance of Copenhagen merchants by those from Hamburg, the captivity of the governor of Iceland and the illegal winter stay of foreign merchants on the island. Hamburg states that its old rights in Iceland have been unfairly violated by the Danish newcomers.
Transcript available
1551, March 6
Flensburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Eske Bilde: Hamburg merchants have violently taken fish from Copenhagen merchants in Iceland, and the bishop of northern Iceland has revolted, and therefore warships will be sent to Iceland to end this situation, unless Hamburg will compensate the damage, in which case the warships will only act against the bishop.
1551, March 10
[Hamburg]
[Hamburg] to king Christian III of Denmark: writes in response to a complaint from the king about their presence in Iceland that they will soon send an envoy to discuss the Icelandic problems.
1551, March 21
Flensburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Thomas Koppen from Hamburg: quittance for 500 Lübeck mark, which was the royal levy for the Faroes for 1550, including 400 mark for the church lands.
Transcript available
1551, April 5
Flensburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Eske Bylle: reports that Hamburg has agreed with Copenhagen to compensate the fish taken from them in Iceland, as well as that warships are sent to northern Iceland to suppress the revolt of the bishop.
Transcript available
1551, April 8
Flensburg
King Christian III of Denmark to Copenhagen: announces that he wants to put an end to the dominance of Hamburg traders in Iceland and will send warships there to restore the order on the island.
1551, October 21
Copenhagen
King Christian III of Denmark to Johan Strubbe, doctor of law in Lübeck: inquires about the conditions under which the compensation to Hamburg has to be payed for damage inflicted upon them in Iceland, as agreed upon during negotiations in Flensburg earlier that year.
1551, November 19
Hamburg
Hamburg to [king Christian III of Denmark]: response to complaints about violent behaviour of their merchants in Iceland, with regards to the agreement which they settled during negotiations in Flensburg.
Transcript available
1551, [November 30]
Dronningborg
King Christian III of Denmark to Eske Bille and Eskildt Oxe: informs among others that he has appointed Poul Hvitfeld as governor in Iceland to protect the trade interests of Copenhagen merchants against those from Hamburg.
1553, March 15
Nyborg
King Christian III of Denmark to Herman Wetken from Hamburg: quittance for 1000 Lübeck mark on behalf of Thomas Koppen, which was the royal levy for the Faroes for the last two years 1551 and 1552.
Transcript available
1556, March 13
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: complain about the rising prices at home in the last years, although the prices in Iceland have remained the same, and therefore ask for the governour in Iceland to set a weight for fish, so that they will have a more honest value.
1556, March 14
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian III of Denmark: request on behalf of the merchants trading in Iceland to introduce a weight when calculating the prizes to be paid for goods.
Transcript available
1557, March 20
Lübeck
Lübeck to Hamburg: accompanying letter to the complaint of Lübeck merchants that they were not allowed to hire a crew from Hamburg to sail to Iceland for them.
Transcript available
[1557, March]
[Lübeck]
Lübeck merchants in northern Iceland to Lübeck: complain about how they wanted to sail a ship to Iceland to fetch sulfur and hired a Hamburg crew to sail it, which was forbidden by the city of Hamburg.
Transcript available
1561, January 19
Emborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Magnus Gyldenstiernn: relates that he has written to Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck that they shall not export sulfur from Iceland anymore, and to governor Poul Stigsen to prevent this from happening, and asks to deliver the letter to him.
Transcript available
1561, January 19
Emborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to governour Poul Stigsen in Iceland: relates how he has written to Bremen, Lübeck and Hamburg that they shall not trade Icelandic sulfur anymore, and asks him to see to it that this does not happen.
Transcript available
1561, March 6
Hamburg
Instruction for Hamburg burgomasters and councillors Albert Hackeman, Laurentz Niebuer, Wilhelm Moller and Nicolaus Vogler, who are sent to Denmark to prevent the prohibition of the sulfur trade from northern Iceland for Hamburg merchants, in which the services of Hamburg for the Icelanders and the Danish crown are emphasized.
Transcript available
1561, November 22
Nyborg
Skipper Clawes Rode from Lübeck confesses that he has seen that Hamburg skipper Hans Rolfs and merchant Henning Struckman have bought and loaded sulfur in Iceland, and that governour Pal Stigson has ordered the sysselman in Ugforde to forbid this.
1562, April 14
Hamburg
Hinrick van Kroge, Jurgen Kroger, Simon then Westen, Auter Peters and Franz Freese declare, that they have fitted out a ship to sail to Husewick in Iceland for sulfur, with skipper Peter Klott and on behalf of Jacob Richter, servant of the Loitz family in Hamburg.
1562, May 30
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: state that the Hamburg skipper Peter Klott, who had fitted out a ship of 80 lasts to load sulfur in Husewick in Iceland, does so in cooperation with the Loitz family, and is therefore not violating the sulfur trade ban.
1562, October 17
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: report that skipper Hans Schomaker arrived in Hamburg from Iceland with a ship of 40 to 50 last loaded with sulfur, on behalf of Stefan Loitz. As sulfur is only allowed to be brought to Copenhagen, Schomaker claimed that weather conditions prevented him from sailing there.
1563
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with sulfur in the North of Iceland to Hamburg: request permission to sail to Iceland again to reclaim the still outstanding debts.
Transcript available
1563, January 31
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: request to send a list of goods on board of the ship that was arrested with sulfur from Iceland in the Elbe.
Transcript available
1563, February 5
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: asks to refrain from trading in the harbours Stappe, Reff, and Grundeforde in the West of Iceland, because Danish merchants are trading there now.
1563, February 21
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: in reaction to a complaint of the king about a ship filled with sulfur from Iceland, a cargo list is sent, to prove that most of the the sulfur was transported for the Loitz family.
1563, February 24
Stettin (Szczecin)
Simon Loitz and Hans Loitz the Elder and the Younger to king Frederick II of Denmark: in response to the king's complain that Stefan Loitz did not pay the 3000 guilders in return for his monopoly on the Icelandic sulfur trade, it is claimed that the king violated the conditions as well by stopping their ships in Hamburg and sending two ships to Iceland himself last year.
1563, March
Hamburg
Hamburg representative Johan Niebur to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about prohibition for Hamburg merchants to use the harbours Stappe, Reff, and Grundeforde in the west of Iceland.
1563, March
Hamburg
[Hamburg representative Johan Niebur to king Frederick II of Denmark]: request to use the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland on behalf of Hamburg merchant, as thet are not allowed to use the three other harbours nearby.
1563, March
Hamburg
[Johan Niebur to king Frederick II of Denmark]: request to sail to the North of Iceland once again to reclaim the many outstanding debts in sulfur, on behalf of Hans Schomaker.
1563, March 2
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: letter of consignment for the secretary Johan Niebur.
1563, March 4
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: ask permission to use the harbours in the Northwest of Iceland, which the king had forbidden, to reclaim their outstanding debts.
1563, before March 18
Hamburg
Crew of skipper Hans Schomaker to king Frederick II of Denmark: relate how they have loaded a load of sulfur in the North of Iceland last year with permission of the governour and on order of Stefan Loitz, and ask the king to allow this.
1563, April 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: to further their request for permission to sail to the North of Iceland to reclaim outstanding debts in sulfur, Herman Soltow is sent to the king with a list of the debts.
Transcript available
1563, April 24
Kolding
King Frederick II of Denmark to the Prince-Elector of Saxony: reports among others that he has forbidden merchants from Hamburg to use certain harbours in Iceland.
1563, May 22
Annaberg
Stefan Loitz to [Hieronimus Tenner, German chancellor in Denmark]: wanted to give the king 100.000 daler instead of 3000 guilders annually, but the offer was declined, and sent a small ship to Iceland to collect outstanding debts and return with sulfur to Copenhagen, which will stay in the king's possession until a solution is found, and asks to release the sulfur confiscated by the king in Hamburg, as he was planning to bring it to Copenhagen.
Transcript available
1563, September 29
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark renews the sulfur monopoly on behalf of Stefan Loitz, which had led to problems before. The king will form a company for 7 years with the Loitz family, which will send two ships annually to Iceland for sulfur, for which Loitz will provide the merchandise. In return, they will give the king a loan of 60000 daler for 3 years, and the sulfur that was confiscated in Hamburg will be returned to them.
1563, November
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Reff to Hamburg: request for continued permission to use the harbour Reff in Iceland, which they have used for a long time, but which the king had forbidden earlier that year.
1563, November
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Reff to Hamburg: request for mediation by queen dowager Dorothea of Denmark for continued permission to use the harbour Reff in Iceland, which they have used for a long time, but which the king had forbidden earlier that year.
Transcript available
1563, November 6
Laholm
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: demands to return the confiscated sulfur to Stefan Loitz.
1563, November 24
Hamburg
Hamburg to queen dowager Dorothea of Denmark: request for mediation with king Frederick II to allow further sailing to the harbour Reff in Iceland, which he had forbidden before.
1563, November 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: ask for continued permission to trade in the harbour Reff in Iceland, which the king had forbidden before.
1563, December 5
Kolding
Queen dowager Dorothea of Denmark to king Frederick II: request for continued permission for Hamburg merchants to sail to the harbour Reff in Iceland.
Transcript available
1564, March 6
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: in response to complaints of Bremen merchants about interference in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, it is asked not to sail there anymore this sommer. Also complains about deceptive behaviour of Hamburg ships in the Sound.
Transcript available
1564, March 6
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: in response to complaints about hindrance by Hamburg merchants in the harbour Kummerwage in Iceland, he has written to the governor in Iceland, and to Hamburg that they should abstain from sailing there this year.
Transcript available
1564, March 24
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: permits the refining of the sulfur that was confiscated on behalf of the Loitz family.
1564, August 11
Copenhagen
Marcus Heine, servant of the Loitz family, to Hieronimus Tenner, German chancellor in Denmark: asks to lower the amount paid to the king for sulfur exported from Iceland, because it is impossible to get sulfur from Iceland in large amounts, and the price is lowering due to the opening of new sulfur mines in Krakow and Goslar. Also about other themes, including the theft of a load of cannonballs by the Swedes, which was destined for Denmark.
1564, September 2
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about interference of Hamburg merchant Jurgen Borchers in the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, which is in use by Bremen merchants.
Transcript available
1564, September 13
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Bremen: in reaction to their complaint about hindrance of Hamburg merchants in the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, states that he has almost completely forbidden Hamburg to sail to Iceland, and grants them the use of the said harbour.
Transcript available
1564, September 13
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to [Joachim] Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: has granted Bremen merchants, who had complained about hindrance by Hamburg merchants in the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, the use of the said harbour, and almost completely forbade Hamburg merchants to sail to Iceland.
Transcript available
1564, December 4
Nyborg
King Frederick II of Denmark announces that the Hamburg merchants who have used the harbour Hofsos in Iceland have brought bad merchandise, and therefore grants permisison to merchant Hans Nielsen to sail there instead.
1564, December 20
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants who sailed with skipper Johan Borchers to Bodenstede to Hamburg: in response to Bremen complains, state that they have been forbidden to use the Icelandic harbours Stappe, Reff and Grundeforde in 1563 and Kummerwage in 1564, and therefore received permission from governour Pal Stigsson to trade in Bodenstede, and were not doing anything illegal.
Transcript available
1564, December 21
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: in response to a complaint about Hamburg merchants having sailed to the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland, the merchants answer that in none of the king's letters the harbour was explicitly forbidden.
Transcript available
1565
List of harbours in Iceland to be used by Hamburg merchants for a loan of 100.000 daler, and on the condition that they will not trade with forbidden goods such as train oil and sulfur.
Transcript available
1565, January 9
Hamburg
Instruction for Wilhelm Moller and Heinrich von Kruge, who are sent to Denmark to discuss the prohibition to sail to Iceland for Hamburg merchants, in which they state that their merchants have done nothing wrong, and still have many outstanding debts on the island.
1565, January 10
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: letter of consignment for the representatives syndicus Wilhelm Muller and councillor Heinrich von Kroge.
1565, January 25
Copenhagen
Summary of Hamburg arguments during the negotiations between the representative of Hamburg and the Danish council of the Realm and governour, concerning the Icelandic trade of Hamburg after the Danish king had forbidden it, as well as two ships that ran aground in Borsfleth.
Transcript available
1565, January 28
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to counselors Magnus Gyldenstern, Johan Friis and Borge Trolle: has allowed Hamburg merchants to sail to Iceland again this year, but not to the harbour Hofsas, or to any harbour that is in use by Danish merchants.
1565, March 3
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request to keep sailing to Iceland, among others because of the many outstanding debts.
Transcript available
1565, March 4
Börringe
King Frederick II of Denmark to Magnus Guldenstiern: asks among others to conceal the royal sulfur reserves from Stefan Loitz, to grant the royal sulfur refinerer a license for a harbour in Iceland, and informs that he has ordered the royal merchant Hans Nielsen to acquire a ship in Rostock, Lübeck or Hamburg.
1565, March 23
Copenhagen
Counselors Magnus Guldenstern, Johan Friis, Birge Trolde, and Herlof Trolde to king Frederick II of Denmark: because of the request of Hamburg merchants to use certain harbours in Iceland, governour Paul Stigsen has compiled a list of harbours in use.
Transcript available
1565, April 5
Lund
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: permits the sailing of Hamburg merchants to Iceland the coming summer, to reclaim their outstanding debts, but not to start new commercial activities.
1565, August 11
Copenhagen
Bartholomeus Tinappel to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for a license to use the harbours Iseforde and Dureforde, to which Hamburg merchants have sailed with a ship of 70 last before.
Transcript available
1565, September 6
Bremen
Ludolf van Varendorp, dean of the cathedral chapter in Bremen, Georg van Helle, Hilmar van Monnickhusen and Adrian van Steinberg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for licenses for the harbours of Grindewick and Kibbelwick in Iceland on behalf of Herman Schomaker and Herman Knechting, who had sailed there for a long time, but lost their ship during a siege of Bremen, and therefore their trade was taken over by Hamburg merchants.
1565, October 9
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Bodenstede to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for mediation in acquiring a new license to use the harbour Bodenstede in Iceland.
1565, December 12
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to king Frederick II of Denmark: request to keep sailing to Iceland, as they could not collect their outstanding debts last summer because they were not allowed to bring any merchandise to Iceland, and so the Icelanders sold their fish to others.
1566, February 9
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: request to keep sailing to Iceland, or at least one time more to reclaim their still outstanding debts, which they could not collect last year as they were not allowed to bring any other goods, so the Icelanders sold their fish to others.
1566, February 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request on behalf of the merchants trading in Iceland to keep trading there.
Transcript available
1566, March 3
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Jochim Wichman from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Haneforde in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will not trade with sulfur, trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1566, March 28
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Kummerwage and Bodenstede to Bremen: request for permission to keep sailing to the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede in Iceland, which according to a letter from governour Magnus Guldenstern have been given to Danes, but which they have used for over 70 years.
1566, March 29
Bremen
Bremen merchants with Kummerwage and Bodenstede to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: ask for mediation to keep sailing to the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede in Iceland, which have recently been given to Danish merchants, but were used for over 70 years by Bremen merchants, and for which ships have already been prepared.
1566, March 30
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: request for permission to sail to the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede, which according to a letter from the Icelandic governour have been given to Danish merchants, but for which ships have already been prepared.
Transcript available
1566, May 24
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: in response to accusations of hosting Swedish privateers in Bremen waters, they answer they have not heard of such thing, and remind the king that they have been driven from most of their harbours in Iceland by Hamburg merchants during the last years, and therefore need protection in the harbours Kummerwage and Bodenstede.
Transcript available
1566, June 25
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Jochim Thim from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland until further notice, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1566, October 6
Hamburg
Franz Friese to king Frederick II of Denmark: mentions how he has sailed to Haneforde in Iceland for 30 years, which has been given to the servant of Stefan Loitz now, and requests to sail to Haneforde again, with mediation of the queen dowager.
1566, October 16
Flensburg
Queen dowager Dorothea of Denmark to king Frederick II: letter of mediation on behalf of Franz Friese from Hamburg, who requests to sail to Iceland again.
1567
Small register of debts in Iceland by Hamburg shipowners and Johan Falchener from Amsterdam.
Transcript available
1567, [ca. January 29]
[Hamburg]
Jurgen Wegener, Hans Elers and Hieronimus Voegler to Hamburg: Christoffer Voegler from Segeberg has received a license for the harbours Dureforde and Iseforde in Iceland, for which Lübeck merchants are fitting out a ship in Hamburg to sail there. Therefore, it is requested to write a letter to Lübeck to forbid this.
Transcript available
1567, March 3
Lübeck
Friderich Knefell, Herman Oldenspell and Wilhelm Medinck to Lübeck: state that they have been forbidden by Hamburg to sail to Iceland, but that they have no right to do this, as they act on behalf of late burgomaster Bartholomeus Tinappel, who had a rightful license for Iceland.
Transcript available
1567, March 4
Lübeck
Lübeck to Hamburg: there is no reason for the prohibition for Friderich Knevel to sail to Iceland, and therefore it is asked to not hinder him in sailing to Iceland.
Transcript available
1567, March 14
Lübeck
Lübeck to Hamburg: repeated request to grant free passage to their citizens who had been forbidden by the Hamburg council to sail to Iceland.
Transcript available
[1567, before November 19]
[Speyer]
Complaints (Gravamina) of Thomas Gerdes, burgomaster of Rostock, Heinrich Dosse, councillor, Christoph Butzau, Michael Boldewan, Brandt Schmidt and Klaus Lepeler, citizens of Rostock, partners of the deceased skipper Lorenz Winckelman, against Thomas Daye, merchant from England, in an appeal before the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht) about a load of fish, which the appellants were supposed to deliver from Shetland to Thomas Daye in London, but instead sold in Hamburg as they could not get to England because of the alleged incompetence of the pilot.
Transcript available
1568, January 5
Copenhagen
James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell's account of his flight from Scotland via Shetland to Norway, where he was captured, including how he forced Gerdt Hemeling from Bremen and a merchant from Hamburg to rent him their ships in Shetland.
1568, January 30
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: repeated complaint about Hamburg merchants, who have a license to trade in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, but which Bremen merchants have used for more than 60 years, and request to keep using the harbour.
1570, August 14
Stettin
Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter, to Danish councillor Peter Oxen: asks for protection of Bremen merchants in Stappe against interference from Hamburg merchants.
Transcript available
1570, September 23
Bremen
Christoffer Bornhorst, Vasmer Bake, Johan Hudeman, Johan Lubbe and Christoffer Meier, merchants who trade with Bodenstede in Iceland to [Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter]: ask for help in preventing Hamburg merchant Hans Gronewold from interfering in the harbour Stappe, which belongs to Bodenstede.
1570, October 15
Stettin
Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter, to Danish councillor Peter Oxen: repeated request to help Bremen merchants in Stappe in Iceland against interference of Hamburg merchants, even though Oxen answered that the harbour had already been given to someone else.
1571, March 24
Fredriksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to governour Johan Bockholt in Iceland: states that Copenhagen burgomaster Marcus Hes, who let a ship sail to the harbour Botsand in Iceland, has complained about interference of Hamburg merchants there, and asks to not allow this anymore.
1573, April 19
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: although it has been forbidden for Hamburg merchants to use three harbours in the north of Iceland, which are used by Copenhagen burgomaster Marcus Hess, count Adolf of Schleswig-Holstein is now preparing a ship to sail there, under command of Hamburg skipper Herman von Horsten.
Transcript available
1573, April 20
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint of the merchants with Iceland, that they have been forbidden to use three harbours in the North of Iceland, Oyefordt, Husewick and Schagefordt, which are now used by Copenhagen burgomaster Marcus Hess, and that now count Adolf of Schleswig-Holstein is preparing a ship to sail there, under command of Hamburg skipper Herman von Horsten.
1573, November 3
Koldinghus
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Jochim Thim from Hamburg to trade in the Faroes until further notice, under the condition that he imports commodities of good quality and uses the right weights and measures, but that the Faroese are free to trade with others as well.
Transcript available
1573, November 26
[Hamburg]
Eldermen of the confraternity of merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: complaint against Carsten Langwedel, who has not paid the rent of his house to the confraternity for two years, and has stolen goods from the property. Although Langwedel claims to own the house, this is not true, and it is demanded that he pays the money and returns the confiscated property.
Transcript available
1575, August 6
Skriðuklaustur
Eirikur Arnason states, that he has bought a barrel of iron (osemund) from Bernd Losekanne in Dupwage in Iceland, and left it there to collect it later, and that a piece of wadmal, which he left at the trading site, was not intended for Losekanne but for a Hamburg merchant named Matthias.
Transcript available
1577, March 19
Hamburg
Jurgen Timme to Bremen: complaint against the skipper Rolof Gerdes, who was supposed to sail from Hamburg to Iceland with commodities from Holstein and Denmark. Gerdes later changed his mind, although Timme had already bought many commodities, and now asks for compensation.
1577, April 6
Buxtehude
Buxtehude to king Frederick II of Denmark: request permission to sail to Iceland, on behalf of their citizens, who have already fitted out a ship and swear that they will not bring goods from Hamburg to Iceland.
1577, April 17
Buxtehude
Buxtehude to Joachim Hinck, dean of the Bremen cathedral chapter: request mediation with the Danish king for permission to sail to Iceland, on behalf of their citizens, who have already fitted out a ship and have before traded there freely, but are now required to apply for a license.
Transcript available
1577, June 3
[Hamburg]
Merchants sailing to Iceland to Hamburg: complain about the quarrel between the Danish king and Hamburg, which has led to a prohibition to sail to Iceland, where they still have many outstanding debts, and now their fellow merchants are moving to other cities and sailing from there, much to their own and the city's damage. Therefore, it is asked that the council will do its best to restore the former situation.
Transcript available
1579, April 7
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: complaint on behalf of Christoffer Meyger, who has used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for many years, that merchants from Hamburg have also used the harbour in the previous two years, hindering Meyer's business. Therefore, it is asked to stop this.
Transcript available
1580, February 15
[Bremen]
Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: in answer to the statement of Matthias Eggers from Hamburg that he and his predecessors have used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for many years, they claim that he is lying, and that they have the full right to use the harbour, as they have done for about eighty years before.
Transcript available
1580, March 8
Bremen
Berndt Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer to Bremen: answer to the letter from Matthias Eggers, who claimed that the Hamburg merchants held a license to trade in Iceland. The Bremen merchants claim that it is unnecessary to plea this case at the royal Danish governour in Iceland, and that the Hamburg merchants did not get their license from the king, but from an Icelander named Erikur Arnason.
Transcript available
1580, March 10
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: reaction to the statement of Matthias Eggers, who claimed to have a special license for Iceland, and therefore his presence in the harbour Ostforde, to the detriment of Bremen merchants there, who have a license for the harbour, in which the long tradition of Bremen merchants in Ostforde is emphasised, and it is requested to respect their exclusive use of the mentioned harbour.
1580, July 9
Koldinghus
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hans Lindenov, commander of Bergenhus: has been informed that a citizen from Hamburg has traded illegally in the Faroes, and orders the Bergen citizen who currently has a license for the Faroese trade [Magnus Heinason] to take him prisoner and bring his ship to Bergen, where his case shall be judged upon.
1581, February 16
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Christoffer Valkendorff: after the Faroes have been given to Copenhagen citizens, the previous license holder Magnus Heinason has come to him and complained about the difficulties he had because of illegal competition from a merchant from Hamburg, whom he had captured and taken to Bergen, and therefore he still had many outstanding debts on the islands. As he has been an honest citizen, he should keep his license for the Faroes. Also about illegal sailings of men from Holland.
1581, February 17
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Christoffer Valckendorff: has received the complaints of the Faroese about a lack of imported commodities, whereupon Magnus Heinason has excused himself for arriving to the islands too late after the Hamburg merchants, and that the need cannot have been so high since he left a large quantity of flour on the islands the year before.
1581, April 8
Koldinghus
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hans Lindenov, commander of Bergenhus: after the goods on board of the confiscated ship from Hamburg in the Faroes have been sent to Copenhagen, the sailors should receive their own personal property back.
1581, April 8
Koldinghus
King Frederick II of Denmark to Christoffer Valckendorff: has decided to give half of the goods back that were confiscated from a Hamburg ship that was illegally in the Faroes and taken to Bergen, and requests to send them to Hamburg as soon as they arrive in Copenhagen.
1581, October 27
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Christoffer Valckendorff: Jochim Thim, the royal factor in Hamburg, who has a license to trade in the Faroes, has appeared before the king together with Magnus Heinason, who held a license before and would like to keep it. Because the Faroese have often complained about the lack of ships and imported commodities, it is decided to let them share a license, together with a citizen from Copenhagen.
1581, November 1
Frederiksborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Jochim Thim from Hamburg, Magnus Heinason from Bergen and Jörgen Kyd from Copenhagen to trade exclusively in the Faroes for five years, on the condition that they trade with commodities of good quality and bring the taxes and levies to Copenhagen.
[1582]
[Bremen]
[Bremen to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen]: complaint about interference of Hamburg merchants Simon Schmidt and Matthias Eggers in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, which Berndt Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer have used for over 80 years.
1582, January 18
Bremen
Heinrich Salomon, Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne to prince-archbishop Henry III of Bremen: ask for help in protection against Hamburg competitors in the harbours Ost- and Horneforde, for which they have a license from the king.
1582, February 1
Bremen
Heinrich Salomon, Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne to Bremen: complaint about the interference of Hamburg merchants in their business in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, for which they have a license.
1582, February 2
Bremen
Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: complaint about interference of Hamburg merchants in the harbours Ost- and Horneforde and other places in Iceland, and ask the king to prevent this.
1582, February 13
Bremen
Hinrich Salomon, Dietrich Vasmer, and Evert Hoveman to king Frederick II of Denmark: complain about interference of Oldenburg and Hamburg in the harbour Neswage in Iceland, and ask for protection of their rights there.
1582, February 26
Fürstenau
Prince- archbishop Henry III of Bremen to king Frederick II of Denmark: requests to prohibit Hamburg merchants to use the harbour Ostforde in Iceland, which they do in spite of the license that Bremen merchants Christoffer Meyer, Johan Wiggers, and Bernd Losekanne have for the place.
Transcript available
1582, March 24
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: request to stop interference by Hamburg merchants in the business of Bremen merchants Christoffer Meyer and Bernd Losekanne in the harbour Ost- and Horneforde, as the king of Denmark has already written him.
Transcript available
[1583, February]
[Klingstrup]
[Governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland to Hamburg]: explains how he has forbidden Hamburg merchants Simon Schmidt, Matthias Eggers, Jochim Focke and Jochim Warneke to use the harbours Ost- and Horneforde, after complaints of Bremen merchants Bernd Losekanne and Christoffer Meyer. However, they have traded there nevertheless, and therefore he asks again to prevent them from using the mentioned harbours.
Transcript available
1583, February 28
[Bremen]
[Bremen] to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: write how they are surprised that he asked the Hamburg and Bremen merchants who have a conflict about the harbour Ostforde to come to Althing this year to solve the matter, and ask again to forbid the Hamburg merchants to sail there, otherwise they will complain to the king of Denmark.
Transcript available
1583, March 23
Bremen
Bremen to governour Johan Bockholt of Iceland: explain that Joachim Kolling has borrowed money from Luder Ottersen from Lübeck, and appointed Kolling's brother in law Roleff Gerdes as warrantor in 1579. Now Kolling has not paid, Gerdes claims that he is not liable because two new warrantors from Hamburg were appointed in 1581. Bockholt is asked to confirm this story.
Transcript available
1584
Copenhagen
Overview of the harbours in Iceland in use in the years 1584-1592.
Transcript available
1584, January 11
Havreballegård?
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: has decided to give Paul Lindeman, who has traded illegally in Iceland, half of the confiscated property back on his request, and warns other Hamburg merchants that it is illegal to trade in harbours without having a license.
1584, January 30
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Christoffer Valckendorff: Joen Heinesson, formerly lawman of the Faroes, has complained that he has been removed from his office without reason, and his brother Mogens Heinesson, who has the trade privilege in the Faroes for five years together with Jörgen Kyd from Copenhagen and Jochim Thim from Hamburg, was accused of having traded with false measures and weights, of which he claims to be innocent. Valckendorff is asked to inform about the matter.
Transcript available
1584, February 13
Skanderborg
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: has received the request of the Hamburg merchants with Iceland, and has sent it on to royal councillor Christoff Walckendorff.
1584, April 11
Haderslev
King Frederick II of Denmark to Christoffer Valckendorff: Jochim Thinne from Hamburg has complained that his five-year license to trade with the Faroes was cancelled, which was not his fault, but because of missteps of his brother-in-law, and asks Valckendorff, who knows the situation the best, to reconsider the cancellation of the trading license.
Transcript available
1585, February 15
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark to Hamburg: declares that, according to the declarations of Copenhagen in 1562, and Flensburg in 1579, Hamburg merchants are prohibited from sailing to Iceland without a valid license, just like anyone else, and that the king is not obliged to issue a license, although generally he is willing to do so.
[1585, after November 24]
[Hamburg]
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: answer to the king's resolution about the Icelandic trade, in which they thank him for that, and ask for privileged treatment of Hamburg merchants in Iceland, and the right to sail with two small ships annually to northern Iceland.
Transcript available
1585, November 24
Copenhagen
King Frederick II of Denmark confirms the rights of the Hamburg merchants in Iceland according to the resolutions of Copenhagen in 1562, and Flensburg in 1579, in which they are forbidden to trade with sulfur, are obliged to acquire a written license from the king, and have to allow others to trade there as well.
Transcript available
1586, February 13
Hamburg
List of harbours in Iceland, for which Hamburg merchants have applied for a license.
1586, February 19
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland for four years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1586, February 19
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Bartelt Elers and Cordt Tacke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Iseforde in Iceland for four years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1586, February 19
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Ratke Timmerman from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Schagestrand in Iceland for four years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1586, February 22
Kronborg
King Frederick II of Denmark permits Jochim Wichmand from Hamburg and Oluf Maddsön from Copenhagen to trade exclusively in the Faroes for ten years, on the condition that they trade with commodities of good quality and bring the taxes and levies to Copenhagen.
1587, August 23
Rye
King Frederick II of Denmark issues a new ten-years license for the Faroese trade for Jochim Wichmand, the royal factor in Hamburg and Oluf Matssön from Copenhagen, after the previous one was lost when Wichmand's ship wrecked in the Elbe near Hamburg.
1587, October 21
Hamburg
Paul Lindeman to Hamburg: request for the renewal of the license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, which he received last year for two years together with Cordt Botker, who has died.
1587, October 21
Hamburg
Bernd Osthof to Hamburg: request for the renewal of his license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland, which will expire next year.
1587, October 21
Hamburg
Jochim Focke to Hamburg: request for renewal of his license for the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland, which he has received for two years and will expire next year.
1587, November 9
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Frederick II of Denmark: request renewal of the licenses for the harbours Wapenforde, Grindewick and Ostfriedenes in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Lindeman, Bernd Osthof and Jochim Focke, which they had for two years before, as well as a new license for Dureshave and Rodershave in Langenes, which have become free, on behalf of Jochim Warneke.
1588, January 3
Anonymous to king Frederick II of Denmark: Claus Jacobsen from Flensburg has asked for a license for Wapenforde, which is currently in use by Paul Lindeman from Hamburg, but the king would be better off giving it to his own subject. Furthermore, Hamburg merchants are hindering Bremen merchants in two harbours, and are trying to establish a monopoly on trading in Iceland.
1588, March 15
Antvorskov
King Frederick II of Denmark appoints Mats Baltzerssön as governor and secretary of the Faroes, where he has to control the measures and weights used by the royal factor Jochim Wichmand from Hamburg, inspect the use of royal funds for the school and the hospital, and is not allowed to trade to such a degree that might hinder Wichmand's business.
1588, May 24
Hamburg
Herman Moller to Hans Meyer: asks for help in acquiring a license for two harbours in Iceland, Bredeforde (formerly in use by Marten Losekanne from Bremen), and Wapenforde, in use by Paul Lindeman from Hamburg.
1588, December 28
Copenhagen
Danish treasurer Christoffer Valckendorff declares, that he allows Ambrosius Loring and Bernd Salfeld from Hamburg to trade in the harbours Stappe and Reff for one more year because the Council of the Realm has not met, but that they should request a proper renewal of their license next year.
1589, May
Hamburg
Peter Lutkens, Peter Kruse and Paul Cordes to Hamburg: a previous request for a license for the harbour Bereforde in Iceland was not granted, because the Council of the Realm did not meet. Now the license is requested again, including an extension to the neighbouring harbour Dupwage, which has been used by Bremen merchants.
1589, May 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for a license to use the harbour Bereforde in Iceland on behalf of Peter Lutkens, Peter Kruse, and Paul Cordes, and a license for the harbour Dupwage, which will become free this year.
1589, May 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for renewal of the licenses for the harbour Dureshave in Langenes in Iceland, on behalf of Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Hans Schomaker.
1589, May 12
Hamburg
Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Hans Schomaker to Hamburg: repeated request for the renewal of their license for the harbour Dureshave in Langenes in Iceland.
1589, June 10
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Hans Schomaker from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Dureshave in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1589, June 20
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Daniel Elers from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Bernforde in Iceland, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights. Renovated for three years in October 1594.
1589, July 4
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for a license for the harbour Bardestrandtsyssel in Iceland, on behalf of Peter Lutkens, Paul Cordes and Peter Kruse.
1589, July 4
Hamburg
Peter Lutkens, Paul Cordes, and Peter Kruse to Hamburg: as their request for a license for the harbour Bernforde in Iceland was declined because it was already given to another Hamburg merchant, they now request a license for Flatto in Bardestrandssyssel, which has been used since 1586 by Carsten Bake from Bremen, but has now become free.
1589, August 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for the renewal of the license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland, on behalf of Berndt Osthof.
1589, August 22
Hamburg
Bernd Osthof to Hamburg: request for the renewal of his license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland, which he had acquired in 1588.
1589, August 26
Hamburg
Peter Sivers to Hamburg: request for a license for the harbours Holm and Schagestrand in Iceland. The former was used previously by Hans Delmenhorst from Hamburg, who has shipwrecked, whereby Sivers also lost a lot. The latter was formerly used by Ratke Timmerman, but is now free.
1589, August 26
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for licenses for the harbours Holm in the south, and Schagestrand in the north of Iceland, on behalf of Peter Sivers.
1589, October 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Lindeman, who was attacked by Scottish pirates in 1588.
1589, November 8
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: Ambrosius Loring has formerly requested a renewal of licenses for the harbours Reff and Stappe, for himself and on behalf of Bernd Salfeld. Since the latter has recently acquired his license for Reff, a new license for Stappe on behalf of Loring is now requested.
1589, November 10
Hamburg
Bartelt Elers and Cordt Tacke to Hamburg: request a renewal of their license for the harbour Iseforde in Schiffelforde in Iceland.
1589, November 10
Hamburg
Hans von Hutlen to Hamburg: request for a renewal of his license for the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland.
1589, November 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish Council of the Realm: request to renew the license for the harbour Iseforde in Schiffelforde in Iceland on behalf of Bartelt Elers and Cordt Tacke.
1589, November 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland, on behalf of Hans von Hutlen.
1589, December 3
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1589, December 3
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Bartelt Elers and Cordt Tacke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Iseforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1589, December 3
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Ambrosius Loring from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Stappe in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1589, December 6
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for the renewal of licenses in Iceland on behalf of Hans von Kleve, Matthias Eggers, Jurgen Schinckel, and for the harbour Schagestrand, formerly issued to Ratke Timmerman, on behalf of Peter Sivers.
1589, December 6
Hamburg
Hans von Kleve, Matthias Eggers, Jurgen Schinckel and Peter Sivers to Hamburg: request for prolongation of their licenses for the harbours Patersforde, Hoffaus, Botsand and Schagestrand in Iceland. The latter was formerly issued to Ratke Timmerman, but he does not want to sail there anymore, so it is requested that his license will be transferred to Peter Sivers.
1589, December 6
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for a license to use the harbour Reff in Iceland on behalf of Hans Hase. A license is held by Bernd Salfeld at the time, but it is stated that the harbour can be used by two ships.
1590, January 2
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish Council of the Realm: request for a prolongation of the license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Lindeman, who has sailed to the harbour for 25 years, but now the license has been mistakingly given to Bremen merchant Marten Losekanne, who has always traded in Bredeforde in the same district.
Transcript available
1590, January 17
Bremen
Bremen to Hamburg: in answer to a complaint from Hamburg merchant Daniel Elers, who has a license for the harbour Bernforde in Iceland, it is claimed that Bremen merchants also have a valid license for the harbour, and have sailed there for many decades.
1590, January 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland on behalf of Jochim Focke.
1590, January 28
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Georg Schinckel from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Botsand in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, January 29
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Peter Sivers from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Schagestrand in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, January 29
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Kleve from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Watnow in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, January 29
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans Hase from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Reff in Iceland for three years. The harbour is already in use by Berndt Salfeld, but it is claimed that they can sail there with two ships. Due to uncertainty about the situation, however, the license is cancelled until further notice.
Transcript available
1590, February 28
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to change the license of Marten Losekanne for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland to Ostforde. It is claimed that a mistake was made in the license, as Losekanne and his predecessors have used the Ostforde for 80 years, whereas Wapenforde has been in use by Hamburg merchant Paul Lindeman for 20 years.
1590, March 8
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Joachim Focke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, May 26
Fýluvogur
Bailiff Björn Gunnarson of Múlasýsla declares, that merchant Marten Losekanne and skipper Johan Oldenbuttel have always traded honestly in Fulewick, and bring better merchandise than the Hamburg merchants. Also confirmed by Torder Bernson, Jon Bernson, and priest Siguardus Arnoldi.
1590, August 12
Fýluvogur
Priest Arni Magnusson declares that merchant Marten Losekanne and skipper Johan Oldenbuttel and their predecessors have traded in Fulewick for 80 years, always honestly, and have brought better goods than the merchants from Hamburg.
1590, August 17
Koldinghus
King Christian IV of Denmark to treasurer Enevold Kruse: has heard that councillor Oluf Matssen from Copenhagen, who held a trading license for the Faroes together with Joachim Wichmand from Hamburg, has unrightfully rented out this license, and therefore it is asked to invite Wichmand and one or two citizens from Copenhagen so that a new license can be issued.
1590, August 20
Fýluvogur
Priest Einer Magnusson declares that merchant Martenn Losekanne and skipper Johan Oldenbuttel and their predecessors have traded 80 years long in Fuluwick, always honestly, and better than the merchants from Hamburg.
1590, August 27
Fýluvogur
Priest Jon Þorvardsson from Altefjord in Ostforde declares that merchants from Bremen have always traded honestly in Fuluwick for 80 years, and wishes that they will not be expelled by Hamburg merchants, whose goods are more expensive.
1590, October 14
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: repeated request to change the name for the license of Wapenforde in Iceland to Ostforde, on behalf of Martin Losekanne. Also a new request for a license for Klevesohe in Lon on behalf of Friedrich Tilebare. The harbour has not been used before, but its inhabitants have been trading with the Bremen merchants in Ostforde.
Transcript available
1590, October 14
Bremen
Instruction for Bremen secretary Daniel Bisterfeldt, who is sent to the Danish court because Marten Losekanne was mistakingly given a license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, which is already in use by Daniel Elers from Hamburg, instead of Ostforde, regardless of a previous request to correct this error. Bisterfeldt will ask to change the license, and request a new license for Klevesohe in Lon, which has not been used before, on behalf of Friedrich Tilebare.
1590, November 4
Kolding
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Luder Otersen from Lübeck to trade with the harbours Orbackhaffe and Torlakshaffe in Iceland for three years, which were used before by Herman Wegener from Hamburg for Ottersen.
1590, November 5
Kolding
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans Holtgreve from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Haneforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1590, December 21
Hamburg
Pawel Barnefeld to Hamburg: request for mediation with the Danish king for a license to use the harbour Strome in the South of Iceland, which has been used by Hamburg merchants before, but is now not in use.
1590, December 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish Council of the Realm: request for a license to use the harbour Strome in the South of Iceland, on behalf of Pawel Barnefeld.
Transcript available
1591
Bremen
Summary of the petitions and complaints of Hamburg and Bremen merchants regarding the conflict between Daniel Elers from Hamburg and Marten Losekanne from Bremen about the harbours Ostforde and Bernforde in Iceland.
1591
Bremen
Secretary Daniel Bisterfeldt from Bremen states his arguments to prove that the harbours Ostforde in Iceland, used by Bremen merchants, and Bernforde, used by Hamburg merchants, are in fact the same harbour.
1591
Hamburg
Daniel Elers to the Danish council of the Realm: complains about how he received a license for the harbour Bernforde in Iceland, but was hindered by Bremen merchant Marten Losekanne, who acquired a license for Wapenforde, but changed the name to Ostforde, which he claims to be the same harbour as Bernforde.
1591, May 7
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Bremen: states that Daniel Elers from Hamburg and governour Lorentz Kruse on Iceland have come to him and complained about the presence of Marten Losekanne from Bremen in Elers's harbour in Iceland, and asks Losekanne therefore to refrain from further use of the harbour.
1591, July-August
Berufjörður
Icelandic priests Einar Sigurdsson, Einar Magnusson, Jon Þorvardsson, Þorvardur Magnusson, Jon Magnusson, Þorkel Arnason and Arne Olafsson testify that the harbour that is used by Marten Losekanne from Bremen and Daniel Elers from Hamburg is called Berufjörður.
Transcript available
1591, August 24
Fýluvogur
Priest Einar Magnusson repeatedly declares that Bremen merchants Marten Losekanne and Johan Oldenbuttel have behaved themselves very well in Fulewick in Iceland, have sold better merchandise than Hamburg merchants, and help the local people by bringing them fishing boats and timber for maintenance of the churches.
Transcript available
1591, August 25
Geithellar
Bailiffs Elendur Magnusson, Bryniolfur Jonson and Gudmundur Eyolfson declare that Bremen merchants in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland sell better commodities than Hamburg merchants and help the local people.
Transcript available
1591, September 7
Bremen
Dietmar Kenckel to Bremen: request to use the harbour Stappe in Iceland, for which a license was previously held by his father Dietmar Kenckel, and later by Hamburg merchants, whose license has now ended.
Transcript available
1591, after September 29
Cordt Walleman to king Christian IV of Denmark: said that he went to Copenhagen to bring the request of Dietmar Kenckel, the factor of Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick-Lüneburg, to use the harbour Stappe, to the Council of the Realm. As it appeared that this harbour was already in use by someone else, Walleman requests a license for Durholmer in the east, which was never used by anyone, on Kenckels behalf.
Transcript available
1591, November 14
Bremen
Bremen's instruction for the secretary Daniel Bisterfeldt, who is sent to discuss the matter about the rightful use of the harbour Ostforde/Bernforde, in which it is stated that it can be proven that Marten Losekanne and his predecessors have rightfully used the harbour under the name Ostforde for decades, and that it is therefore not true that they have changed a license for Wapenforde to the invented name Ostforde, as Hamburg merchant Daniel Elers claims.
1591, November 23
Copenhagen
[King Christian IV of Denmark] permits Joachim Wichmann from Hamburg to sail once more to the Faroes to collect his goods and outstanding debts, after he has ended his license for the Faroese trade.
1591, December
Gottorf
Prince-archbishop John Adolf of Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: asks on behalf of Bremen merchants to protect their interests in the harbour Ostforde in Iceland and to forbid the Hamburg merchants from sailing there.
Transcript available
1591, between December 12 and 29
Copenhagen
Representative of the Hamburg merchants with Bernforde to the Danish Council of the Realm: reply to complaints from the Bremen representative in the conflict about the use of the harbour Ostforde/Bernforde in Iceland, in which he states that although the Bremen merchants have a license for Ostforde, this refers to a quarter of the entire land and not to a specific harbour like Bernforde.
1591, December 5
Bremen
Marten Losekanne and Johan Oldenbuttel to prince-archbishop John Adolf of Bremen: complain that they have used the harbour Ostforde in Iceland for over 80 years, and now Daniel Elers from Hamburg has received a license for the harbour Bernforde, which is in fact the same harbour, and ask for mediation at the Danish court.
1591, December 20
Copenhagen
Daniel Elers and Hamburg merchants in Bernforde in Iceland to the Danish Council of the Realm: complaint about their fellow citizen Joachim Warneke, who traded illegally in Bernforde and bought train oil there. Therefore, their support in requested in acquiring compensation of the train oil.
1592
Hamburg
Matthias Eggers to the Danish council of the Realm: request for renewal of his license for the harbour Hofsos in Iceland, for six years.
1592, January 12
Hamburg
Laurens Schroder to Hamburg: request for a license for the harbour Ruteforde, west of Schagestrand, in Iceland, of which bishop Gudbrand Turlaksson and lawman Jon Jonson have told him it is free.
1592, January 15
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Ruteforde in Iceland, on behalf of Laurens Schroder.
1592, February 11
Copenhagen
Jochim Holste declares that his fellow shipowner Laurens Schroder from Hamburg has received a license for the harbour Ruteforde, west of Schagestrand in Iceland the day before. However, if the harbour is already in use by someone else, they will not use their license.
1592, February 18
Copenhagen
Cordt Basse, Hans Schomaker, Hans Hering and Hans Lindeman to Hamburg: request for a combined license for two harbours in Iceland, namely Wapenforde, formerly used by Paul Lindeman, father of Hans, and Dureshave in Langenes, formerly used by the others, because both harbours are too close to each other to sail there with two ships.
1592, February 23
Hamburg
Heinrich Moller to Hamburg: request for a license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, which was formerly held by Paul Lindeman, but he was attacked by pirates in two consecutive years, and could not get to Iceland because of storm in 1591, after which Moller went there instead.
1592, February 26
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the licenses for the harbours Wapenforde and Dureshave in Langenes in Iceland on behalf of Cordt Basse, Hans Schomaker, Hans Hering, and Hans Lindeman. It is also requested to merge the two licenses, as it is better to sail there with one large ship than with two small ones, for protection against pirates.
1592, February 26
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland, on behalf of Heinrich Moller.
1592, March 7
Hamburg
Peter Sivers to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of his license for the harbour Schagestrand in Iceland, and protection of his business against Laurens Schroder, who was in his service for two years, and then acquired his own license for Ruteforde, which is so close to Schagestrand that it can be considered the same harbour.
1592, March 10
Hamburg
Cillie Lindeman, wife of Paul Lindeman, to the Danish council of the Realm: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Wapenforde, which was in use by her father, and after his death by her husband for one year, and afterwards shall be combined with the license for Dureshave in Langeneß on behalf of her son Hans Lindeman and his companions Cordt Basse, Hans Schomaker and Hans Hering.
1592, March 24
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Hans Schomaker from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Dureshave in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1592, June 17
Copenhagen
[King Christian IV of Denmark] to treasurer Enevold Kruse: Jochim Weichman from Hamburg has died, leaving a debt of 4548 daler to the Danish crown, which shall be reduced to 1000 daler because of his long services as Danish factor and the losses he made in the trade with the Faroes.
1592, September 9
Hamburg
Ambrosius Loring to Hamburg: request for a renewal of his license for the harbour Stappe in Iceland.
1592, September 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish council of the Realm: request for a renewal of the license for the harbour Stappe in Iceland on behalf of Ambrosius Loring.
1592, October 1
Antvorskov
King Christian IV of Denmark renews the permission for Ambrosius Loring from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Stappe in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1592, October 10
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: complaints about the behaviour of the English merchants and fishermen in and around Iceland, who fish so much that nothing is left for the Icelanders and German merchants, attack German ships and trade illegally.
1592, October 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request renewal of the license for the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland, on behalf of Hans von Hutlen.
1592, October 19
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: accompanying letter to extensive complaints against fishing and trading activities of the English in Iceland, and request to prohibit them from visiting Iceland.
1592, October 19
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for the renewal of the license for the harbour Botsand in the south of Iceland on behalf of Reimer Ratkens. The license was previously issued to his deceased companion Jurgen Schinckel.
1592, October 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to renew the license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland, which was issued in 1589 to Bernd Osthof, on behalf of his companion Paul Barnefeld.
1592, October 24
Hamburg
Bartelt Elers and Roleff Eis to Hamburg: request for renewal of their license for the harbour Iseforde in Iceland, where they have suffered greatly from English interference.
1592, October 29
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Iseforde in Iceland on behalf of Bartelt Elers and Roleff Eis, who have suffered greatly from English interference recently.
1592, November 16
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Pawel Barnefeld from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Grindewick in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights. The name of Hans Steinkamp is added in pencil.
1592, December 8
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland on behalf of Jochim Focke, or a license for the harbour Rodeforde, because two Bremen merchants have interfered with his business on multiple occasions.
Transcript available
1593
Johan Vogt to the Danish council of the Realm: request for a license for the harbour Holm in Iceland on behalf of his master Luder Ottersen. The license was since 1590 held by Carsten Bake from Bremen, who cooperated with Ottersen, and now a new license is requested for Ottersen himself.
1593, January 1
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Bartelt Elers and Roleff Eis from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Iseforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, January 1
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Reimer Ratkens from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Botsand in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, January 1
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Kleve from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Watnow in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, January 2
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Jochim Focke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, January 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Iseforde in Iceland, on behalf of Bartelt Elers and Roleff Eis, who have suffered greatly from English interference recently, and sail with two ships, so two copies of the license are requested.
1593, March 2
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Peter Sivers from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Schagestrand in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights. Changed to Jurgen Vilter after Sivers's death.
1593, March 2
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1593, October 24
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a renewal of the two licenses for the harbour Haneforde in Iceland, on behalf of skippers Hans Holtgreve and Hans Jaspers, and their shipowners Wichman Berman, Otto Ebeling, Jacob Hambrock and Matthias Poppe.
Transcript available
1594
Hamburg
Hans Elers to royal secretary Augustinus Erich: writes that lawman Jon Jonsson has asked him and Jurgen van Winsen to sail to the harbour Ruteforde in Iceland, and requests a license to do so. A license has been given in 1591 to Laurens Schroder and Jochim Holste, but they are not using it.
1594, November 1
Hamburg
Cordt Basse and Hans Hering to Hamburg: request for renewal of their license for the harbour Dureshave in Iceland.
1594, November 1
Hamburg
Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Jacob Winock to Hamburg: request for renewal of their license for the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland.
1594, November 4
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license to use the harbour Dureshave in Iceland on behalf of Cordt Basse and Hans Hering, and a license for the harbour Wapenforde on behalf of Basse, Hering and Jacob Winock.
Transcript available
1594, December 14
Oldenburg
Oldenburg merchants with Iceland to the council of the count of Oldenburg: answer to a letter by Bernd Salfeld and Daniel Moers from Hamburg, concerning the payment of debts from the Icelandic trade, among others caused by the death of Claus Kock, who owned part of their ship.
1595, February 15
Hamburg
Heinrich Moller to Hamburg: request for a license for the harbour Dureshave in Iceland, where the inhabitants have asked him to sail there, or else for the harbour Rodeforde, which is currently not licensed to anyone.
1595, February 19
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Dureshave or Rodeforde in Iceland on behalf of Heinrich Moller, who has sailed for many years to Iceland before.
1595, July 3
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Schavenforde in Iceland, on behalf of Albert Sivers, who has sailed there for many years, and the oldest son of Matthias Eggers, who drowned in the Elbe recently.
1595, July 3
Hamburg
Christoffer Bergerdorp and Hans Hering to Hamburg: request for a renewal of the license for the harbour Schavenforde in Iceland on behalf of their stepson and son-in-law Albert Sivers, who is currently there. The previous license was issued to Sivers' companion Matthias Eggers, who drowned in the Elbe on his way to Iceland. The new license should also be issued for Matthias Eggers's oldest son, who wants to sail along as well.
1595, August 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Hofsos in Iceland on behalf of Hans Eggers, the eldest son of the deceased Matthias Eggers, who drowned in the Elbe this year. Matthias's companion Albert Sivers sent a request as well.
1595, October 1
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Stappe in Iceland on behalf of Ambrosius Loring.
1595, October 2
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Botsandt in Iceland on behalf of Reimer Ratkens.
1595, November 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Grindewick on behalf of Hans Steinkamp. As the license was also issued to Paul Barnefeld, who is currently not using the harbour, Bernd Osthoff also made a request earlier this year, but he will then have a part in Steinkamp's ship.
1595, November 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland, on behalf of Hans von Hutlen.
1595, November 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a renewal of the license for the harbour Iseforde in Iceland on behalf of Bartelt Elers and Roleff Eis, who sail there with two ships, as well as an extension to Alteforde, which is currently not in use and where the inhabitants have complained that they have to travel so far to Iseforde.
1595, November 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Schagestrandt on behalf of Peter Sivers's widow and Jurgen Vilters.
1595, December 10
Aarhus
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Kibbelwick in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1596, January 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Watnow in Iceland, on behalf of Hans and Claus von Kleve, father and son.
1596, March 9
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde on behalf of Joachim Focke.
1596, April 1
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Jochim Focke from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Ostfriedenes or Hoddenforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
Transcript available
1596, April 1
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Jochim Vocken from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Langenese in Iceland for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights, and grants him safe passage in Danish waters.
1596, October 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the two licenses for the harbour Haneforde in Iceland for six years, on behalf of Hans Holtgreve and Joachim Hare, companion of the deceased Hans Jaspers.
1596, December 24
Hamburg
Joachim Terminau to king Christian IV of Denmark: because of his good services as a translator at the marriage of Christian's sister with the Scottish king, the Council of the Realm promised him the use of a harbour in Iceland. Therefore, as Berndt Salfeldt died a few days ago, a license for his harbour Reff is requested.
1597, January 14
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: repeated request for renewal of the two licenses for the harbour Haneforde in Iceland for six years, on behalf of Hans Holtgreve and Joachim Hare, companion of the deceased Hans Jaspers.
1597, January 15
Hamburg
Herman Beverborch to Hamburg: relates how he has sailed to Iceland for 21 years, and hoped to sail to the harbour Reff in a company with Bernd Salfeld's heirs. As he did not succeed in doing so, he therefore requests a license for the harbour Hellesandt, which was used by English merchants before, but which has not been licensed to anyone.
1597, January 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Hellesandt in Iceland on behalf of Herman Beverborch.
1597, March 18
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans Holtgreve from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Haneforde in Iceland for one year, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1597, March 18
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Joachim Harre from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Haneforde in Iceland for one year, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1597, October 5
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the two licenses for the harbour Haneforde in Iceland on behalf of Joachim Hare and Hans Holtgreve.
1597, November 15
Itzehoe
Hans Elers to Augustus Erich, secretary of the German chancery of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Ruteforde in Iceland, which has never been licensed to anyone, or else Dureshave, for which Hamburg has a license, but which they haven't used yet.
1598, January 17
Haderslev
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Cordt Basse, Hans Hering and Jacob Winock from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Wapenforde in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1598, January 17
Haderslev
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Cordt Basse and Hans Hering from Hamburg to trade with the harbour Dureshave in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
before 1598, June 20
Hamburg
Joachim Menges to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Bereforde in Iceland, on behalf of Jacob Fincken from Flensburg, who was merchant in the service of the deceased Hamburg merchant Daniel Elers, who held the previous license. Also a request to write to England for measures against Welshman Peter Maar, who interfered with their business in Iceland.
1598, June 20
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Jacob Fincken from Flensburg to trade with the harbour Bereforde in Iceland, which was formerly used by the deceased Daniel Elers from Hamburg, for three years, on the condition that he will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1598, June 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland on behalf of Bernd Osthoff to the Danish king. Osthoff had used the harbour before, and afterwards Paul Barnefeld.
1598, June 23
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license to use the harbour Alteforde in Iceland, on behalf of Paul Barnefeld and Paul Albers, who have heard that the said harbour is available.
1598, July 25
Hamburg
Hamburg to Danish councillor Christoffer Valckendorf: has sent a request for a license for the harbour Grindewick in Iceland on behalf of Bernd Osthoff to the Danish king. Osthoff had used the harbour before, and afterwards Paul Barnefeld. As the king is apparently not in Denmark and unable to respond to the letter, the same request is asked from Valckendorff.
Transcript available
1598, August 19
Report of the hearing of witnesses in the case of shipowner and merchant Harmen Kloppenburg against the skipper Dirich Walleman, about a ship he had chartered Walleman to sail with to Iceland. Walleman is accused by Kloppenburg of having traded on his own account as well, and that a part of the fish got wet during transport.
1598, August 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Hofsos in Iceland on behalf of Albert Sivers and Hans Eggers, son of Matthias.
1598, September 21
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbours Strome and Watlose in Iceland, on behalf of Rotmar Pöner from Rendsburg and Cordt Wemeyer, Jacob Hambrock and Heinrich Ratkens from Hamburg.
1598, September 27
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen, Jacob Hambrock, Rotman Pöner and Herman Kopman from Hamburg to trade with the harbours Strome and Wattlose in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1598, November 8
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Schagestrandt in Iceland, on behalf of Jurgen Vilter.
1599, Autumn
Hamburg
[Johan Holtgreve to the merchants in Iseforde in Iceland]: writes how lawman Jon Jonsson has complained how the merchants in Iseforde do not provide the local population with enough commodities, because they only sail there with one ship, and asks them to allow him in Alteforde.
1599, February 1
Hamburg
Eldermen of the confraternity of Iceland merchants to Hamburg: complain about the raise of tolls in Iceland from one to two portugaleser, or 32 reichstaler, which combined with the increasing corn prices and the risk of piracy means that it is hard to make a profit, and therefore ask for cancellation of this extra toll.
1599, February 3
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Ostfriedenes, also called Rodeforde, in Iceland, on behalf of Joachim Focke.
1599, February 3
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license for the harbour Botsandt in Iceland, on behalf of Reimer Ratkens.
1599, February 4
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: complaint about the raise of tolls in Iceland of one portugaleser.
1599, November 5
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbours Husawick or Roderhebde in Iceland, which are not in use by anyone, on behalf of Andreas Selm and Jurgen Vilter, who have traded in Iceland before.
1599, December 18
Hamburg
Hamburg to the Danish privy councillor Christoffer Valckendorf: complaint on behalf of the Hamburg merchants in Iseforde in Iceland, who were accused by lawman Jon Jonsson of not having brought enough commodities for the local population, but who have sailed there for 12 years and have acquired a license in 1598 for three years. Therefore, it is asked to reject the request of Johan Holtgreve to sail there as well.
1600, August 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license to use the harbour Haneforde in Iceland, on behalf of Joachim Hare, Jacob Hambrock, Cordt Moller, and Dirick Berman.
1600, August 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the license to use the harbour Haneforde in Iceland, on behalf of Hans Holtgreve and shipowners Cordt Bleke, Herman Kopman and Dirick Hambrock.
1600, October 14
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark permits Hans von Hutlen, Jacob Hambrock, Rotman Pöner and Herman Kopman from Hamburg to trade with the harbours Strome and Watlose in Iceland for three years, on the condition that they will trade commodities of good quality, and will not use false measures and weights.
1600, October 24
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for renewal of the licenses for Wapenforde in Iceland on behalf of Hans Hering, Claus Olde and Herman Gansberg, which was acquired in 1598 by Hering, Cordt Basse (who died) and Jacob Winock (who received an office in Iceland), and for Dureshave on behalf of Hans Hering alone, which he held formerly with Cordt Basse.
1600, November 13
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a license for the harbour Hellesand or Olefswick in Iceland, which are currently not in use, on behalf of Berndt Salfeld the Younger, including permission to sail to Reff to reclaim the outstanding debts of his father there, who sailed there for more than fifty years, but died three years ago. He had already applied for a license for Reff in January the same year, but it was given to Gerd Melsow from Bergen.
Transcript available
1601
Overview of the harbours in use in Iceland and in which year their licenses expire, 1601-1603.
1601, January 30
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request on behalf of Danish merchant Nicolaus Bus and Jacob Beneke from Hamburg, that if a harbour in Iceland becomes available, they would like to receive a license for it.
1601, February 13
Hamburg
Bernd and Henning Salfeld to Hamburg: renewed request for a license for the harbours Hellesand or Olefswick in Iceland, which are currently not in use, including permission to sail to Reff to reclaim their father's outstanding debts, who sailed there for over fifty years and died recently, but now Reff is in use by Gerdt Melsow from Bergen. A previous request was left unanswered.
1601, February 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: repeated request for a license for the harbours Hellesand or Olefswick in Iceland, which are currently not in use, on behalf of Bernd Salfeld the Younger, including permission to sail to Reff to reclaim his father's outstanding debts, who sailed there for over fifty years.
Transcript available
1601, July 18
Nyborg
King Christian IV of Denmark to Hamburg: replies to the request of Michael Betken to use the harbour Grindewick in Iceland, that after the current licenses have expired, merchants from Hamburg and Bremen are not allowed to trade there anymore.
1601, October 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: complaint about the prohibition of the Icelandic trade for foreigners, which is unfair because they have always served the local population well, and it damages the involved merchants, who still have many outstanding debts, and the poor and sick who depend on the confraternity of Iceland merchants.
1601, October 29
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants with Iceland to Hamburg: reaction to the prohibition of the Icelandic trade for foreigners, which they claim is unfair, as they have served the Icelandic population for over 200 years with good commodities and have maintained good relations with them. Moreover, as the prohibition came unexpected, there are still many outstandig debts in 13 harbours for which the license has expired.
Transcript available
1601, November 27
Frederiksborg
King Christian IV of Denmark to Hamburg: answer to their complaints about the prohibition of the Icelandic trade, that he will not change his mind.
1601, December 13
Hamburg
Hans Steinkamp and Bernd Osthoff to Hamburg: complain how the ship of Hans Hare has shipwrecked on Helgoland on its way to Iceland, at which occasion most of their goods were lost, so that they had to cancel the journey to Iceland for this year. Because their license for the harbour Grindewick has expired, however, they ask permission to sail once more next year.
1601, December 28
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request on behalf of the merchants with Grindewick, to sail one more year to Iceland, because they have lost a lot of their commodities during a shipwreck of Hans Hare's ship on Helgoland in April this year.
1602, August
Copenhagen
Copenhagen merchants with Iceland to king Christian IV of Denmark: complaint about Johan Holtgreve from Hamburg, who sailed as a Helsingør merchant to Spakonefeldshoved and from there to Botsand, and about Hamburg merchants in Watlose, who interfere with their business in Kibbelwick, Grindewick and Haneforde. Therefore, they had to send two of their four ships back to Denmark with great losses.
1602, August 6
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Hamburg: orders to send the ships and goods of the Hamburg merchants who misused their license for Watlose, and of Johan Holtgreve, who sailed as a Helsingør merchant to Botsand, to interfere with the business of Copenhagen merchants in Kibbelwick and Haneforde, to Copenhagen as soon as they arrive in Hamburg.
1602, August 30
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: witness accounts of eight persons who sailed with Johan Holtgreve from Helsingør to Spakenefeldshovede in Iceland, who was accused by Copenhagen merchants that he interfered with their business by visiting the harbour Botsand. They tell how they could not reach Spakenefeldtshovede because of the sea ice, and were welcomed by the locals in Botsand because the Danish merchants in Kibbelwick would not trade with them.
1602, August 30
Hamburg
Johan Holtgreve to Hamburg: request to be released from custody on payment of a bail, or else to spend his custody in the confraternity of England merchants instead of that of the brewers, so he can continue his business in the meantime.
1602, late August
Hamburg
Johan Holtgreve to Hamburg: request to be released from custody and to send the king of Denmark his answer to the complaint of Copenhagen merchants, that he was unable to visit his harbour Spakonefeldshovede.
Transcript available
[1602, Autumn]
[Hamburg]
Curdt Weimer, Hans van Huteln, Harmen Weimar, Jurgen Jordan, Henrich Eggerdts, Gise Kopman and Henrich Ordt to Hamburg: have been accused by the Danish king of having sailed to Iceland illegally, and in attendance of the trial, ask permission to unload their ship, as the commodities will otherwise detoriate.
1602, September 12
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: in reaction to complaints of Copenhagen merchants in Iceland, Johan Holtgreve has declared that he could not use the harbour Spakonefeldshovede because of the multitude of sea ice last year, and had to go to Botsand instead, where the locals were starving and could not sell their fishes to the Danish merchants because they were too small.
Transcript available
1602, September 13
Hamburg
Cordt Weimar, Hans von Hutlen, Herman Weimar, Jurgen Jordan, Heinrich Eggers, Gise Kopman and Heinrich Ort to Hamburg: state that they had a valid license for the harbour Watlose in Iceland and had been using the harbour for a long time, as can be confirmed by the Icelandic officials.
Transcript available
1602, September 13
Hamburg
List of persons who used the harbours Strome and Watlose in Iceland from 1573 onwards.
1602, September 16
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: answer to the complaint of Copenhagen merchants that Hamburg merchants have interfered in their business by using the harbour Watlose in Iceland, which is unfair, because they still had a valid license to use the harbour, and ask to sail there for one more year, because they still have many outstanding debts because of the bad weather last year.
Transcript available
1602, September 26
Hamburg
Johann Holdtgreve to [Hamburg]: request to be released from custody on the payment of a bail, because he has heard from his merchants from Helsingør that the Danish king is in Norway, so it will take a long time before his case can be judged, and in the meantime he cannot do business.
Transcript available
1602, October 21
[Hamburg]
Extract from the supplication of the Haneforde merchants, in which they state that they hired space on the Kibbelwick ship because they needed it for commodities from the harbours Strome and Wattlose, the use of which they share with the Kibbelwick merchants.
Transcript available
1602, [before November 26]
[Hamburg]
Merchants who used to sail to Kiblewick to Hamburg: complain about the Haneforde merchants' proposal to sail commodities from Iceland to Denmark.
1602, November 27
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for a copy of the license for the harbour Walforde in Iceland on behalf of Heinrich Gerbrandt, Paul Focke, Michael Brautigam, Claus Makebusch, Johan Rentzel, Tonies Rode and Heinrich Smidt, after Rode and Smidt lost the license in 1601 during a shipwreck on the way back from Iceland, at which occasion skipper Joachim Greve died.
1602, November 29
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request for permission to sail to Haneforde the next year, on behalf of Cordt Bleker, Herman Kopman, Diderich Berman, and Didrich Hambrock, which was forbidden by the king even if their license is still valid for a year, and they have many outstanding debts.
1603, February 16
Hamburg
Cordt Wemeyer and Hans von Hutlen to Hamburg: request to sail one more year to the harbours Watlose and Strome in Iceland, for which they still have a license, with a small ship to reclaim their outstanding debts.
1603, February 17
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to trade normally one more year in the harbours Watlose and Strome in Iceland, on behalf of Cordt Wemeyer and Hans von Hutlen, who still have a license for a year, and if not, to get permission to sail with a small ship to Iceland to reclaim outstanding debts and goods.
Transcript available
1603, February 28
Hamburg
Merchants who used to sail to Walforde in Iceland to Hamburg: complain about the Haneforde merchants, who refuse to help them collect their outstanding debts in Iceland after their ship was lost on the Elbe, and ask for a new license from the king.
1603, March 4
Hamburg
Merchants with the harbour Walforde in Iceland to Hamburg: complain how after a shipwreck, during which they lost their license, the Danish king told them to transport their goods together with the merchants in Haneforde. As they refused because they have too many goods to transport themselves, it is requested to sail one more year to Walforde to collect outstanding debts.
1603, March 5
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: merchants in the harbour Walforde in Iceland request permission to sail one more year to collect their outstanding debts, as they still had a license, but lost it during a shipwreck, and therefore sailed with the Haneforde merchants, who refused to help them this year.
Transcript available
1603, April
[Hamburg]
Merchants who sail to Haneforde to Hamburg: reply to the complaints of the Kibbelwick merchants, in which they state that they had hired space on the Kibbelwick ship, but they were too far away and left too soon to load it, so that they had to dangerously overload their own ship.
Transcript available
[1603, April]
[Hamburg]
Merchants with Walforde to Hamburg: ask permission to send a small ship with ballast to Iceland to collect their last debts, because they had a valid license, but lost it during a shipwreck.
Transcript available
1603, April 8
[Hamburg]
Merchants who trade with Ruteforde to Hamburg: relate how they lost two ships in the last years, which forced them to leave their goods on Iceland for four years, and couldn't retrieve them because of the bad weather. Then the governor ordered them to sail back to Denmark, but a storm drove them to Hamburg, where they are not allowed to enter the harbour. Therefore, it is asked to land their goods to prevent even further damage.
1603, April 29
Hamburg
Merchants who sail to Haneforde to Hamburg: request to leave the deposited freight money for a deposit, as long as the court has not reached a verdict about this matter.
Transcript available
1603, May 1
Bremen
Bremen to king Christian IV of Denmark: draft for an answer to the king's final prohibition of the Icelandic trade, in which the support of the governour and the islanders is asked in reclaiming their last outstanding debts. The letter was never sent.
Transcript available
1603, May 5
Hamburg
Merchants who trade with Haneforde to Hamburg: although the council has ordered them to deposit the 750 mark freight money which is claimed by the Kibbelwick merchants, they will not do so until the latter have shown their account books, and that the matter is too complex to be judged by jurists who know nothing about loading a ship, so former seafarers should be involved as well. Moreover, as they will sail out, it is asked to postpone the case until after their return.
1603, September 8
Hamburg
Berndt Salfeld to Hamburg: complains about how he went to the harbour Reff in Iceland to pick up a load of stockfish which was traded by his brother David, and which he couldn't take last year, but was accused by lawman Jon Jonsson that his license was expired, and his brother David had traded illegally in Reff, and his goods and booths were confiscated.
1603, September 13
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to return the goods that were confiscated from Bernd Salfeld in Iceland by the lawman when he tried to collect his outstanding debts.
1603, September 23
Hamburg
Bernd Salfeld to Hamburg: complains about how he went to the harbour Reff in Iceland to pick up a load of stockfish which was traded by his brother David with consent of lawman Jon Jonsson, and which he couldn't take last year, but was accused by governour Ewalt Kruse that his license was expired, and his brother David had traded illegally in Reff, and his goods and booths were confiscated.
1603, November 13
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request to return the goods that were confiscated from Bernd Salfeld in Iceland by the governor and lawman when he tried to collect his outstanding debts.
1604, January 10
Hamburg
Bernd Salfeld to king Christian IV of Denmark: complains how his goods have been confiscated in Iceland by the governour by request of lawman Jon Jonsson, and was forced to pay 2000 daler because he tried to collect his outstanding debts, and asks to let Jonsson appear before court.
1604, January 11
Hamburg
Merchants who trade with Kibbelwick to Hamburg: write that the council has decided last year that the Haneforde merchants have to deposit 750 mark, which the Kibbelwick merchants claim they owe them for freight money, but that they refuse to do this and are continuously obstructing the judicial process, and ask the council not to tolerate this anymore.
1604, January 23
Hamburg
Merchants who trade with Kibbelwick to Hamburg: final statement in the case about the freight space shared with the Haneforde merchants, in which they state that they reserved a space of 50 lasts on their ship for the goods of the Haneforde merchants, who never used and did not need this space, and filled it with all kinds of useless stuff in Iceland, only to annoy them.
1604, March 12
Hamburg
Merchants wo used to sail to Iceland to Hamburg: request for mediation with the Danish king to be allowed to sail one ship to Iceland to collect the goods, debts, and booths that are still on the island, or to transport these on a Danish ship, because they still have many outstanding debts on Iceland.
Transcript available
1604, March 13
[Hamburg]
Alberdt Sivers to Hamburg: writes that he has received a letter from Helsingør merchants, asking him to sail for them to Ohrbach in Iceland, and asks the city council to permit him to leave from Lübeck to Iceland and to return to Hamburg.
1604, March 17
Hamburg
Clawes von Kleve to Hamburg: relates how he has traded in Patersforde and Bildal in Iceland with his father for 40 years, and is now hired by Malmö merchant Olof Zuckerbecker to sail for him to Iceland, but the merchants who used to sail to the harbour Haneforde are obstructing him. He complains that they only do so out of jealousy, as their own license has expired, and that he is not acting against the city law, because he will sail from and return to Hamburg.
1604, March 22
Hamburg
Hamburg to king Christian IV of Denmark: request on behalf of the merchants with Iceland, to send a small ship to Iceland to collect the goods, booths and ships that were left behind on the island.
Transcript available
1610, January 19
Hamburg
Hamburg to King Christian IV of Denmark: because Heinrich Krack was accused of having traded illegally in Iceland in 1609, he was brought to court in Hamburg, where he declared that he had been fishing near Shetland and the Faroes, and because he had caught too little and was driven by a storm to Iceland, he was forced to trade a little there to make a living. Therefore, it is asked to refrain from further prosecution.
Transcript available
1610, September 28
Bremen
Bremen to duke John Adolf of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp: eight citizens have informed that two of their ships, one returning from Hamburg, the other from Shetland, have wrecked during a storm in the Elbe near Hadeln, whereby the goods on board were salvaged by inhabitants of Dithmarschen and Eiderstedt, and now ask for support in retrieving their goods from them.
Transcript available
1611, March 29
Hamburg
Henrich Kracke to Hamburg: although governor Herloff Daa has accused him of having traded illegally in Iceland, Kracke has only been in Iceland to fish, and had sold just a little to Icelanders who had come to him at sea, so he did not interfere in anyone's business on land. Therefore, it is asked that all charges against him are dropped.
1611, March 30
Hamburg
Hamburg merchants who used to trade in Iceland to [Hamburg]: relate how the Danish king has forbidden them to trade with Iceland in 1601, and even though they still had a license for two years for the harbour Haneforde, they were hindered by the Danes, which left them with many outstanding debts. Therefore, it is asked to negotiate with the king for restoration of the old situation.
1629-1657
Hamburg
Second donation register of the confraternity of St Anne of the Hamburg merchants with Iceland, which contains donations from 1629-1657. Different than the first donation register, donations were mainly made by the eldermen and brothers of the confraternity, and only a few from ships returning from Shetland (last one in 1644) and a few other places.
1635, September 24/October 4
'Narratio et petitio Hamburg contra Dennemarck': anonymous account about the commercial position of Hamburg in Iceland and Norway.
1636, June 10
Copenhagen
King Christian IV of Denmark to Christian Rantzau: writes that the Glückstadt merchants who trade in Icelandic goods and sell them on to Hamburg, have to pay the Icelandic company in Copenhagen for that, and asks to send them to chancellor Christian Friese in Kragerup to negotiate the matter.
Transcript available
[1639]
Memorandum by tacksman Andro Smyth concerning expenses and debts for the levying of taxes and customs in Shetland for the years 1638 and 1639.
Transcript available
Bremen
1640, March 18
Letter from Cordt Warneken to Mr William Stirling, Edinburgh, intimating that he has received 500 thalers worth of butter from George Sinclair of Rapnes in Orkney, and paid the money to Joshua Averie on 29 November 1639 at Hamburg; writer asks that the money may be paid to William Stirling; if the money has reached Scotland recipient was to pay it to William Dick or Peter Smith, brother of Andro Smith.
Transcript available
1640, July 2
Scalloway
Andro Smyth to his brother Patrick Smyth of Braco: reports about the wrecks of three Dutch ships in Dunrossness, the debts of German merchants for the export of butter, problems with the collection, storage and transportation of wadmal, and various other tax-related issues.
Transcript available
1640, July 21
Scalloway
Andro Smyth to his brother Patrick Smyth of Braco: sends a receipt for a sum of 550 dollars which was paid by Yan Sour to Joshua Averie in Hamburg, and reports that Court Warnekin has also paid his debt of 500 dollars to the same, but forgot to bring the receipt. The Dutch have started salvaging the anchors of their ships that were attacked by Dunkirkers, and further complains about the troublesome levying of taxes and rents in Shetland.
Transcript available
1640, September 22
Scalloway
Andro Smyth to his brother Patrick Smyth of Braco: reports about the export of tax butter and oil from Shetland to Scotland and the collection of customs from German merchants.
Transcript available
1640, December 23
Edinburgh
Obligation by Patrick Smyth of Braco to William Dick of Braid, anent a debt of 500 rix dollar owed by Court Warnekin from Bremen for a load of butter, who paid the sum to Joshua Averie in Hamburg, who was supposed to pay it via William Stirling to William Dick or Peter Smyth, but the money never arrived.
Transcript available
1644, February - 1645, July
Hamburg
Register of ships, skippers, freighters and cargoes sailing between Hamburg and Shetland that paid the admiralty toll in the harbour of Hamburg.
Transcript available
1646, February - 1647, December
Hamburg
Register of ships, skippers, freighters and cargoes sailing between Hamburg and Shetland that paid the admiralty toll in the harbour of Hamburg.
1646, February 24
Glückstadt
King Christian IV of Denmark to Christian von Pentz, governor of Glückstadt: complains about how Icelandic goods that arrive in Glückstadt are immediately loaded onto Hamburg ships, and therefore commands that ships from Iceland should first be unloaded in the city, on the penalty of confiscation.
Transcript available
[1654]
Note of tolls and customs received from Hamburg and Bremen merchants in Shetland.
1657, August 1
Hamburg
'Copia der Islandische cassa': The last two living eldermen of the confraternity of merchants with Iceland in Hamburg, Laurens Schroder and Paul Baleke, together with the other eldermen Jacob Hambrock and Simon Kracke, declare that the capital of the confraternity will be transferred to the 'Seefahrer-Armenhaus' after their death.
1660, October 16
Copenhagen
King Frederick III of Denmark to Christian Rantzau, governor of Schleswig-Holstein: writes that he has heard that merchants trading with Iceland sail past Glückstadt to Hamburg, which is not allowed and should be prevented.
1665, September 2
Copenhagen
King Frederick III of Denmark to [Hamburg?]: proclaims that, even though he recently has allowed some ships from Iceland to pass Glückstadt to sail to Hamburg, this does not mean that Glückstadt's privileges will be changed, and that they should stop asking that.
Transcript available
1666, November 17
Kirkwall
Complaint by Adolph Westerman, merchant in Hamburg, to the commisisoners of the excise in Orkney, anent excise for imported beer and strong waters in 1659 and 1660 of £400. The sum had been paid by Adolph to Thomas Helder or some other person who had power derived from Patrick Craigie.
Transcript available
[c.1669]
Note of complaints by Hamburg merchants to the king, about forced exactions of duties by David and Gideon Murray in Shetland. They ask for compensation of the damage and future royal protection of their trade.
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